M2T: Masking Transformers Twice for Faster Decoding

Fabian Mentzer, Eirikur Agustson, Michael Tschannen; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023, pp. 5340-5349

We show how bidirectional transformers trained for masked token prediction can be applied to neural image compression to achieve state-of-the-art results. Such models were previously used for image_generation_ by progressive sampling groups of masked tokens according to uncertainty-adaptive schedules. Unlike these works, we demonstrate that predefined, deterministic schedules perform as well or better for image compression. This insight allows us to use masked attention during training in addition to masked inputs, and activation caching during inference, to significantly speed up our models (4x higher inference speed) at a small increase in bitrate.