Cyclic-Bootstrap Labeling for Weakly Supervised Object Detection

Yufei Yin, Jiajun Deng, Wengang Zhou, Li Li, Houqiang Li; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023, pp. 7008-7018

Recent progress in weakly supervised object detection is featured by a combination of multiple instance detection networks (MIDN) and ordinal online refinement. However, with only image-level annotation, MIDN inevitably assigns high scores to some unexpected region proposals when generating pseudo labels. These inaccurate high-scoring region proposals will mislead the training of subsequent refinement modules and thus hamper the detection performance. In this work, we explore how to ameliorate the quality of pseudo-labeling in MIDN. Formally, we devise Cyclic-Bootstrap Labeling (CBL), a novel weakly supervised object detection pipeline, which optimizes MIDN with rank information from a reliable teacher network. Specifically, we obtain this teacher network by introducing a weighted exponential moving average strategy to take advantage of various refinement modules. A novel class-specific ranking distillation algorithm is proposed to leverage the output of weighted ensembled teacher network for distilling MIDN with rank information. As a result, MIDN is guided to assign higher scores to accurate proposals, which further benefits final detection. Extensive experiments on the prevalent PASCAL VOC 2007 & 2012 and COCO datasets demonstrate the superior performance of our CBL framework.