ForestHash: Semantic Hashing With Shallow Random Forests and Tiny Convolutional Networks

Qiang Qiu, Jose Lezama, Alex Bronstein, Guillermo Sapiro; Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018, pp. 432-448

In this paper, we introduce a random forest semantic hashing scheme that embeds tiny convolutional neural networks (CNN) into shallow random forests. A binary hash code for a data point is obtained by a set of decision trees, setting `1' for the visited tree leaf, and `0' for the rest. We propose to first randomly group arriving classes at each tree split node into two groups, obtaining a significantly simplified two-class classification problem that can be a handled with a light-weight CNN weak learner. Code uniqueness is achieved via the random class grouping, whilst code consistency is achieved using a low-rank loss in the CNN weak learners that encourages intra-class compactness for the two random class groups. Finally, we introduce an information-theoretic approach for aggregating codes of individual trees into a single hash code, producing a near-optimal unique hash for each class. The proposed approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art hashing methods for image retrieval tasks on large-scale public datasets, and is comparable to image classification methods while utilizing a more compact, efficient and scalable representation. This work proposes a principled and robust procedure to train and deploy in parallel an ensemble of light-weight CNNs, instead of simply going deeper.