%PDF-1.3 1 0 obj << /Kids [ 3 0 R 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R ] /Type /Pages /Count 10 >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Title (Learning Convolutional Networks for Content\055Weighted Image Compression) /Producer (PyPDF2) /Author (Mu Li\054 Wangmeng Zuo\054 Shuhang Gu\054 Debin Zhao\054 David Zhang) /Subject (2018 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition) >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 14 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /x8 15 0 R /x6 18 0 R /x12 21 0 R /x10 24 0 R >> /ExtGState << /s9 27 0 R /R29 30 0 R /s11 31 0 R /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> /s5 34 0 R /s7 37 0 R >> /Font << /F2 40 0 R /F1 41 0 R /R38 42 0 R /R36 46 0 R /R34 49 0 R /R32 52 0 R /R30 56 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R ] >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 79 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R54 80 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R29 30 0 R >> /Font << /F2 81 0 R /R55 82 0 R /R57 85 0 R /R59 89 0 R /R73 94 0 R /R71 99 0 R /R65 102 0 R /R67 106 0 R /F1 111 0 R /R61 112 0 R /R69 117 0 R /R63 120 0 R /R38 42 0 R /R32 52 0 R /R30 56 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R ] >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 132 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R29 30 0 R >> /Font << /F2 133 0 R /F1 134 0 R /R61 112 0 R /R59 89 0 R /R38 42 0 R /R55 82 0 R /R57 85 0 R /R32 52 0 R /R30 56 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R ] >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 167 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R131 168 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R29 30 0 R >> /Font << /F2 169 0 R /R59 89 0 R /R55 82 0 R /R57 85 0 R /R65 102 0 R /R67 106 0 R /F1 170 0 R /R61 112 0 R /R129 171 0 R /R38 42 0 R /R73 94 0 R /R32 52 0 R /R30 56 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R ] >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 186 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R29 30 0 R >> /Font << /R145 187 0 R /F2 190 0 R /R32 52 0 R /R59 89 0 R /R73 94 0 R /R57 85 0 R /R65 102 0 R /R67 106 0 R /F1 191 0 R /R61 112 0 R /R38 42 0 R /R55 82 0 R /R69 117 0 R /R30 56 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R ] >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 199 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R162 200 0 R /R161 201 0 R /R159 202 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R29 30 0 R >> /Font << /F2 203 0 R /R59 89 0 R /R73 94 0 R /R57 85 0 R /R65 102 0 R /R67 106 0 R /F1 204 0 R /R61 112 0 R /R69 117 0 R /R38 42 0 R /R55 82 0 R /R32 52 0 R /R30 56 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /Group 205 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 212 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R181 213 0 R /R180 214 0 R /R183 215 0 R /R182 216 0 R /R179 217 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R29 30 0 R >> /Font << /R36 46 0 R /F2 218 0 R /F1 219 0 R /R32 52 0 R /R30 56 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R ] >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 230 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R206 231 0 R /R205 232 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R29 30 0 R >> /Font << /F2 233 0 R /F1 234 0 R /R32 52 0 R /R38 42 0 R /R30 56 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R 244 0 R 245 0 R 246 0 R 247 0 R 248 0 R 249 0 R ] >> endobj 11 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 250 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R29 30 0 R >> /Font << /F2 251 0 R /F1 252 0 R /R32 52 0 R /R38 42 0 R /R30 56 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 253 0 R 254 0 R 255 0 R 256 0 R 257 0 R 258 0 R 259 0 R 260 0 R 261 0 R 262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R 272 0 R 273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R 278 0 R 279 0 R 280 0 R 281 0 R 282 0 R 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R 302 0 R 303 0 R 304 0 R ] >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 305 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R29 30 0 R >> /Font << /F2 306 0 R /F1 307 0 R /R32 52 0 R /R38 42 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R ] >> endobj 13 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R >> endobj 14 0 obj << /Length 19331 >> stream q q q 0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0 cm /R29 gs 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 14.3462 Tf 1 0 0 1 63.3551 675.067 Tm [ (Lear) 14.9893 (ning) -249.994 (Con) 40.0071 (v) 9.99625 (olutional) -249.996 (Netw) 9.99455 (orks) -250.013 (f) 24.9923 (or) -249.995 (Content\055weighted) -250.013 (Image) -250.005 (Compr) 17.9912 (ession) ] TJ /R32 11.9552 Tf 47.2109 -37.8582 Td [ (Mu) -249.996 (Li) ] TJ /R34 7.9701 Tf 30.223 4.33906 Td [ (1) -0.29866 ] TJ /R32 11.9552 Tf 21 -4.33906 Td [ (W) 80 (angmeng) -249.987 (Zuo) ] TJ /R34 7.9701 Tf 76.4051 4.33906 Td [ (2) -0.30019 ] TJ /R32 11.9552 Tf 21.0008 -4.33906 Td [ (Shuhang) -250.002 (Gu) ] TJ /R34 7.9701 Tf 59.441 4.33906 Td [ (1) -0.30019 ] TJ /R32 11.9552 Tf 21.0012 -4.33906 Td [ (Debin) -250.01 (Zhao) ] TJ /R34 7.9701 Tf 56.7738 4.33906 Td [ (2) -0.30019 ] TJ /R32 11.9552 Tf 21.0012 -4.33906 Td [ (Da) 19.9884 (vid) -250.002 (Zhang) ] TJ /R34 7.9701 Tf 62.5129 4.33906 Td [ (1) -0.30019 ] TJ -345.612 -13.948 Td [ (1) -0.29866 ] TJ /R32 11.9552 Tf 4.73203 -4.33789 Td [ (Department) -250 (of) -250.014 (Computing\054) -249.995 (The) -250.014 (Hong) -249.989 (K) 34.996 (ong) -249.989 (Polytechnic) -250.012 (Uni) 24.9957 (v) 14.9851 (ersity) ] TJ /R34 7.9701 Tf -28.5168 -9.61016 Td [ (2) -0.29866 ] TJ /R32 11.9552 Tf 4.73203 -4.33789 Td [ (School) -250.004 (of) -250.015 (Computer) -250.014 (Science) -250.006 (and) -249.987 (T) 70.0164 (echnology) 65.0132 (\054) -250.012 (Harbin) -249.991 (Institute) -250.014 (of) -250.014 (T) 70.0164 (echnology) ] TJ /R36 8.9664 Tf -40.9113 -13.948 Td [ (csmuli\100comp\056polyu\056edu\056hk\054) -599.994 (cswmzuo\100gmail\056com\054) -599.983 (shuhanggu\100gmail\056com\054) -599.994 (dbzhao\100hit\056edu\056cn) ] TJ 153.325 -13.948 Td (csdzhang\100comp\056polyu\056edu\056hk) Tj /R30 11.9552 Tf -81.6793 -41.0461 Td (Abstract) Tj /R38 9.9626 Tf -83.9277 -23.9098 Td [ (Lossy) -371.009 (ima) 10.013 (g) 10.0032 (e) -371.002 (compr) 36.9889 (ession) -371.012 (is) -370.983 (g) 10.0032 (ener) 15.0196 (ally) -370.982 (formulated) -370.99 (as) -370.985 (a) ] TJ -11.9551 -11.9551 Td [ (joint) -254.005 (r) 14.984 (ate\055distortion) -254.01 (optimizat) 0.99371 (ion) -254.019 (pr) 44.9839 (oblem) -253.982 (to) -253.985 (learn) -254.016 (encoder) 111.008 (\054) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (quantizer) 111.004 (\054) -245.015 (and) -243.004 (decoder) 111.01 (\056) -307.985 (Due) -243.995 (to) -243.986 (the) -243.011 (non\055dif) 17.9896 (fer) 36.984 (entiable) -244.011 (quan\055) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (tizer) -391.991 (and) -393.017 (discr) 36.9938 (et) 0.98268 (e) -392.998 (entr) 44.9864 (opy) -392.007 (estimation\054) -427.996 (it) -391.998 (is) -392 (very) -393 (c) 15.0122 (halleng\055) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (ing) -387.997 (to) -388.001 (de) 15.0177 (velop) -386.986 (a) -388.009 (con) 40 (volutional) -388.004 (network) -387.987 (\050CNN\051\055based) -388.006 (im\055) ] TJ T* [ (a) 10.0032 (g) 10.0032 (e) -357.004 (compr) 36.9889 (ession) -357.994 (system\056) -631.996 (In) -358.017 (this) -357.013 (paper) 111.018 (\054) -384.992 (motivated) -357.007 (by) -358.019 (that) ] TJ T* [ (the) -301 (local) -302.008 (information) -300.985 (content) -302.007 (is) -300.995 (spatially) -301.001 (variant) -301.996 (in) -300.996 (an) -302.018 (im\055) ] TJ T* [ (a) 10.0032 (g) 10.0032 (e) 9.99404 (\054) -251.995 (we) -251.988 (sug) 10.0143 (g) 10.0032 (est) -251.989 (that\072) -312.986 (\050i\051) -251.996 (the) -251.99 (bit) -252.017 (r) 14.984 (ate) -251.99 (of) -251.005 (the) -251.99 (dif) 18.0166 (fer) 36.984 (ent) -251.99 (parts) -252.007 (of) ] TJ T* [ (the) -297.001 (ima) 10.0136 (g) 10.0032 (e) -297.994 (is) -296.996 (adapted) -298 (to) -296.997 (local) -296.99 (content\054) -310.003 (and) -296.995 (\050ii\051) -297.002 (the) -297.982 (content\055) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (awar) 37.0036 (e) -242.983 (bit) -244.018 (r) 14.984 (ate) -243.011 (is) -243.005 (allocated) -244.005 (under) -243.001 (the) -243.991 (guidance) -242.994 (of) -243.006 (a) -243.994 (content\055) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (weighted) -262.981 (importance) -262 (ma) -1.01209 (p\056) -348.013 (The) -263 (sum) -261.982 (of) -263.003 (the) -263.008 (importance) -263.02 (map) ] TJ T* [ (can) -354.994 (thus) -355.996 (serve) -355 (as) -354.989 (a) -356.014 (continuous) -354.992 (alternative) -355.002 (of) -354.987 (discr) 36.9938 (ete) -355.982 (en\055) ] TJ T* [ (tr) 44.9864 (opy) -253.991 (estimation) -253.008 (to) -253.985 (contr) 44.9913 (ol) -253.985 (compr) 36.9889 (es) 0.98145 (sion) -254.014 (r) 14.9828 (ate) 14.9852 (\056) -321.003 (The) -253.982 (binarizer) ] TJ T* [ (is) -364.984 (adopted) -365.01 (to) -364.986 (quantize) -363.982 (the) -364.991 (output) -365.003 (of) -364.986 (encoder) -364.991 (and) -364.983 (a) -364.993 (pr) 44.9851 (oxy) ] TJ T* [ (function) -331.005 (is) -330.99 (intr) 44.9986 (oduced) -330.012 (for) -330.985 (appr) 44.9937 (oximating) -331.004 (binary) -331.018 (oper) 14.9901 (ation) ] TJ 11.9563 TL T* [ (in) -282.019 (bac) 20.0022 (kwar) 36.9944 (d) -281.987 (pr) 44.9839 (opa) 10.013 (gation) -281.997 (to) -281 (mak) 10.002 (e) -281.997 (it) -282.017 (dif) 18.0166 (fer) 36.984 (entiable) 15.0048 (\056) -406.008 (The) -282.017 (en\055) ] TJ 11.9547 TL T* [ (coder) 111.008 (\054) -202.983 (decoder) 111.01 (\054) -202.003 (binarizer) -190.984 (and) -191.012 (importance) -190.012 (map) -191.015 (can) -190.983 (be) -190.988 (jointly) ] TJ T* [ (optimized) -376.994 (in) -376.003 (an) -376.986 (end\055to\055end) -377.018 (manner) 112 (\056) -690 (And) -376.981 (a) -376.991 (con) 39.9982 (volutional) ] TJ T* [ (entr) 44.987 (opy) -326.019 (encoder) -324.996 (is) -326.011 (further) -325.992 (pr) 36.9852 (esented) -324.995 (for) -326.007 (lossless) -325.985 (compr) 36.9889 (es\055) ] TJ T* [ (sion) -322.001 (of) -322.012 (importance) -321.99 (map) -322.012 (and) -322.01 (binary) -322 (codes\056) -525.981 (In) -321.983 (low) -322 (bit) -322.005 (r) 14.9828 (ate) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (ima) 10.0136 (g) 10.0032 (e) -289.995 (compr) 36.9889 (ession\054) -300.982 (e) 19.9918 (xperiments) -290.003 (show) -290.981 (that) -290.006 (our) -290.013 (system) -290.996 (sig\055) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ <6e690263616e746c79> -279.018 (outperforms) -279 (JPEG) -279.006 (and) -278.998 (JPEG) -279.005 (2000) -278.993 (by) -279.012 (structur) 15.0171 (al) ] TJ T* [ (similarity) -342.989 (\050SSIM\051) -343 (inde) 20.0089 (x\054) -366.999 (and) -342.987 (can) -344.015 (pr) 44.9839 (oduce) -342.994 (the) -342.994 (muc) 14.9803 (h) -344.016 (better) ] TJ T* [ (visual) -236.013 (r) 37.0196 (esult) -234.999 (with) -236.006 (sharp) -234.993 (edg) 10.0045 (es\054) -239.015 (ric) 14.9865 (h) -235.015 (te) 20 (xtur) 36.9889 (es\054) -239.014 (and) -235.005 (fe) 14.9803 (wer) -235.985 (arti\055) ] TJ (facts\056) ' /R30 11.9552 Tf 24.109 TL T* [ (1\056) -249.99 (Intr) 18.0146 (oduction) ] TJ /R32 9.9626 Tf 11.9551 -18.9289 Td [ (Image) -382.989 (compression) -384.014 (is) -382.981 (a) -384.019 (fundamental) -383.005 (problem) -383.007 (in) -384.002 (com\055) ] TJ -11.9551 -11.9563 Td [ (puter) -326.014 (vision) -325.008 (and) -326.018 (image) -326.008 (process) 0.99003 (ing\056) -536.989 (W) 39.9933 (ith) -326.004 (the) -326.017 (de) 25.0154 (v) 14.9828 (elopment) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (and) -430.981 (popularity) -430.987 (of) -430.986 (high\055quality) -431.014 (multimedia) -431.011 (content\054) -476.016 (lossy) ] TJ T* [ (image) -290.994 (compression) -291.01 (has) -291.983 (been) -291.009 (becoming) -291.018 (more) -291 (and) -291.005 (more) -291.981 (es\055) ] TJ T* [ (sential) -213 (in) -211.992 (sa) 19.9985 (ving) -213.001 (transmission) -213.004 (bandwidth) -212.006 (and) -213.018 (hardw) 10.0032 (are) -212.996 (stor) 20.0114 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (age\056) -491.998 (An) -310.999 (image) -310.011 (compression) -311.007 (system) -309.995 (usually) -311.014 (includes) -311.019 (three) ] TJ ET Q 3.98 w 0 G 501.121 1188.08 m 1446.11 1188.08 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.9701 Tf 1 0 0 1 64.4578 109.394 Tm [ (This) -314.979 (w) 10.0129 (ork) -315.005 (is) -314.991 (supported) -314.985 (in) -315.002 (part) -314.977 (by) -313.992 (the) -314.994 (Hong) -315.02 (K) 35.0094 (ong) -314.986 (RGC) -315.02 (General) -314.999 (Re\055) ] TJ -14.3457 -9.46523 Td [ (search) -271.012 (Fund) -271.008 (\050PolyU) -270.023 (152212\05714E\051\054) -270.997 (the) -270.982 (Major) -270.982 (State) -270.006 (Basic) -271.008 (Research) -270.999 (De) 25.0172 (v) 14.9852 (el\055) ] TJ 9.46406 TL T* [ (opment) -346.982 (Program) -346.976 (of) -346.997 (China) -345.978 (\050973) -347.023 (Program\051) -347.008 (\0502015CB351804\051\054) -371.013 (the) -347 (Hua) 15.0036 (wei) ] TJ 9.46484 TL T* [ (HIRP) -250.004 (fund) -249.981 (\0502017050001C2\051\054) -250.024 (and) -249.978 (the) -250.005 (NSFC) -250.005 (Fund) -249.982 (\05061671182\051\056) ] TJ /R32 9.9626 Tf 258.75 459.372 Td (components\054) Tj /R38 9.9626 Tf 54.3937 0 Td (i\056e) Tj /R32 9.9626 Tf 9.6832 0 Td [ (\056) -352.017 (encoder) 39.9933 (\054) -376.011 (quantizer) 40.008 (\054) -376.991 (and) -352.015 (decoder) 39.9933 (\054) -376.011 (to) -352.01 (form) ] TJ -64.077 -11.9547 Td [ (the) -467.013 (codec\056) -961.016 (The) -467.015 (typical) -466.998 (image) -467.005 (encoding) -466.996 (standar) 0.99003 (ds\054) ] TJ /R38 9.9626 Tf 219.523 0 Td [ (e) 15.0122 (\056g) ] TJ /R32 9.9626 Tf 11.7457 0 Td (\056\054) Tj -231.269 -11.9551 Td [ (JPEG) -393.986 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 338.8 516.462 Tm (27) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 348.762 516.462 Tm [ (\135) -392.996 (and) -394.008 (JPEG) -393.005 (2000) -393.993 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 428.084 516.462 Tm (21) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 438.047 516.462 Tm [ (\135\054) -430.007 (generally) -393.018 (rely) -394.008 (on) -394.003 (hand\055) ] TJ -129.185 -11.9551 Td [ (crafted) -305.015 (image) -304.993 (transformation) -305.008 (and) -305.003 (separate) -305.008 (optimization) -304.988 (on) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (codecs\054) -473.994 (and) -430.002 (thus) -429.004 (are) -430.019 (subopti) 0.98023 (mal) -429.992 (for) -428.987 (image) -429.992 (compression\056) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (Moreo) 14.9926 (v) 14.9828 (er) 39.986 (\054) -537.006 (JPEG) -480.011 (and) -479.993 (JPEG) -478.989 (2000) -480.018 (perform) -479.989 (poor) -479.989 (for) -479.998 (lo) 24.986 (w) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (rate) -234.985 (image) -233.985 (compression\054) -237.997 (and) -233.995 (may) -235.005 (introduce) -234.015 (visible) -234.985 (artif) 10.0032 (acts) ] TJ T* [ (such) -249.985 (as) -249.995 (blurring\054) -250.007 (ringing\054) -250.002 (and) -249.993 (blocking) -250.002 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 468.802 456.686 Tm (27) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 478.764 456.686 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 483.745 456.686 Tm (21) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 493.708 456.686 Tm (\135\056) Tj -172.891 -14.493 Td [ (Recently) 64.9941 (\054) -612.013 (deep) -539.986 (con) 39.9982 (v) 20.0016 (olutional) -539.003 (netw) 10.0081 (orks) -540.013 (\050CNNs\051) -540.008 (ha) 19.9967 (v) 14.9828 (e) ] TJ -11.9551 -11.9551 Td [ (achie) 25.0154 (v) 14.9828 (ed) -462.001 (unprecedented) -463.009 (success) -461.992 (in) -461.992 (v) 14.9828 (ersatile) -461.992 (vision) -462.986 (tasks) ] TJ 11.9547 TL (\133) ' ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 312.18 418.283 Tm (12) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 322.142 418.283 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 328.738 418.283 Tm (33) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 338.7 418.283 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 345.285 418.283 Tm (16) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 355.248 418.283 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 361.843 418.283 Tm (8) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 366.824 418.283 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 373.409 418.283 Tm (31) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 383.372 418.283 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 389.967 418.283 Tm (7) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 394.948 418.283 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 401.534 418.283 Tm (13) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 411.496 418.283 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 418.091 418.283 Tm (2) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 423.073 418.283 Tm [ (\135\056) -793.985 (As) -412 (to) -411.02 (image) -411.995 (compression\054) ] TJ -114.211 -11.9563 Td [ (CNN) -298.009 (is) -298.016 (also) -298.014 (e) 15.0122 (xpected) -298.019 (to) -298.016 (be) -297.99 (more) -298.019 (po) 24.986 (werful) -297.985 (than) -298.014 (JPEG) -298 (and) ] TJ 11.9547 TL T* [ (JPEG) -421 (2000) -421.008 (by) -421.018 (considering) -422.013 (the) -420.979 (follo) 24.9958 (wing) -421.008 (reasons\056) -824.005 (First\054) ] TJ T* [ (for) -327.987 (image) -328.009 (encoding) -328 (and) -329 (decoding\054) -347.016 <0365> 14.9877 (xible) -328.984 (nonlinear) -328 (anal\055) ] TJ T* [ (ysis) -349.996 (and) -350.015 (synthesis) -348.996 (transformations) -350.01 (can) -349.986 (be) -350.02 (easily) -350.005 (deplo) 10.0179 (yed) ] TJ T* [ (by) -308.997 (stacking) -308.98 (multiple) -309 (con) 39.9982 (v) 20.0016 (olution) -309.007 (layers\056) -485.988 (Second\054) -324 (it) -308.993 (allo) 24.9909 (ws) ] TJ T* [ (to) -409.018 (jointly) -408.986 (optimize) -408.995 (the) -408.983 (nonlinear) -409.005 (encoder) -408.991 (and) -410.005 (decoder) -408.991 (in) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (an) -358.019 (end\055to\055end) -358.002 (manner) 54.981 (\056) -634.009 (Se) 24.986 (v) 14.9828 (eral) -357.984 (recent) -359.004 (adv) 24.9811 (ances) -357.979 (also) -358.004 (v) 24.9811 (ali\055) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (date) -341 (the) -340.995 (ef) 25.0081 (fecti) 25.0179 (v) 14.9828 (eness) -342.014 (of) -341 (deep) -341.002 (learning) -340.982 (in) -342.012 (i) 0.98513 (mage) -342.012 (compres\055) ] TJ T* [ (sion) -300.006 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 331.776 310.686 Tm (25) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 341.739 310.686 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 347.208 310.686 Tm (26) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 357.171 310.686 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 362.65 310.686 Tm (3) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 367.631 310.686 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 373.111 310.686 Tm (23) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 383.073 310.686 Tm [ (\135\056) -458.982 (Ho) 24.9836 (we) 25.0154 (v) 14.9828 (er) 39.9835 (\054) -311.982 (there) -299.989 (are) -298.98 (still) -299.994 (se) 25.0154 (v) 14.9828 (eral) -299.994 (issues) ] TJ -74.2109 -11.9551 Td [ (to) -263.003 (be) -263.015 (addressed) -263.005 (in) -263.003 (CNN\055based) -262.99 (image) -263 (compression\056) -350.015 (In) -263.015 (gen\055) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (eral\054) -293.993 (lossy) -286.001 (image) -284.997 (compression) -285.991 (can) -285.996 (be) -285.011 (formulated) -286.006 (as) -285.011 (a) -285.996 (joint) ] TJ T* [ (rate\055distortion) -243.994 (optimization) -242.999 (to) -243.989 (learn) -243.999 (encoder) 39.9933 (\054) -245.013 (quantizer) 40.008 (\054) -245.013 (and) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (decoder) 55.008 (\056) -404.989 (Ev) 14.9877 (en) -281.992 (the) -281.005 (encoder) -281.992 (and) -281.987 (decoder) -281.012 (can) -281.997 (be) -281.992 (represented) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (as) -410.988 (CNNs) -411.005 (and) -410.985 (optimized) -410.99 (via) -410.98 (back\055propag) 4.98936 (ation\054) -451.978 (the) -410.98 (learn\055) ] TJ T* [ (ing) -352.003 (with) -351.998 (non\055dif) 24.9958 (ferentiable) -352.01 (quantizer) -352.005 (is) -352.005 (still) -351.985 (a) -351.985 (challenging) ] TJ T* [ (issue\056) -752.99 (Moreo) 14.9926 (v) 14.9828 (er) 39.986 (\054) -434.004 (the) -398.005 (whole) -397.017 (compression) -398.012 (system) -396.997 (aims) -397.992 (to) ] TJ T* [ (jointly) -319.981 (minimize) -319.983 (both) -320.983 (the) -320.015 (compression) -319.986 (rate) -319.991 (and) -321 (distortion\054) ] TJ 11.9563 TL T* [ (where) -244.003 (entrop) 10.013 (y) -243.013 (rate) -244.003 (should) -244.003 (also) -243.984 (be) -243.018 (estimated) -244.008 (and) -243.994 (minimized) ] TJ 11.9547 TL T* [ (in) -386.002 (learning\056) -718.017 (As) -384.985 (a) -386.019 (result) -385.997 (of) -386.014 (quantization\054) -420.003 (the) -386.004 (entrop) 10.013 (y) -386.009 (rate) ] TJ T* [ <6465026e6564> -266.014 (on) -267.004 (discrete) -265.985 (codes) -265.985 (is) -267 (also) -265.98 (a) -267.019 (discrete) -265.985 (function) -266.01 (and) -267.009 (re\055) ] TJ T* [ (quires) -249.983 (continuous) -249.99 (approximation\056) ] TJ 11.9551 -14.493 Td [ (In) -210.002 (this) -209 (paper) 39.9909 (\054) -218 (we) -210.007 (present) -209.014 (a) -210.009 (no) 14.9877 (v) 14.9828 (el) -208.98 (CNN\055based) -209.98 (image) -209.989 (com\055) ] TJ -11.9551 -11.9551 Td [ (pression) -302.001 (frame) 25.013 (w) 10 (ork) -303 (to) -302.016 (address) -302.998 (the) -301.979 (issues) -302.984 (raised) -301.984 (by) -302.998 (quanti\055) ] TJ T* [ (zation) -233.005 (and) -233.995 (entrop) 10.013 (y) -233.015 (rate) -232.986 (estimation\056) -304.998 (The) -233.015 (e) 15.0122 (xisting) -233.015 (deep) -234 (learn\055) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (ing) -239.982 (based) -239.992 (compression) -241.019 (models) -240.009 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 436.314 116.865 Tm (25) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 446.276 116.865 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 451.158 116.865 Tm (26) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 461.12 116.865 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 466.002 116.865 Tm (3) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 470.983 116.865 Tm [ (\135) -240.004 (allocate) -241.009 (the) -239.989 (same) ] TJ -162.121 -11.9551 Td [ (number) -298.009 (of) -297.007 (codes) -297.982 (for) -297.992 (each) -297.019 (spatial) -298.004 (position\054) -308.997 (and) -297.985 (the) -297.98 (discrete) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (code) -426.985 (used) -427.995 (for) -426.99 (decoder) -428.009 (has) -426.983 (the) -427.997 (same) -427.017 (length) -427.983 (with) -427.002 (the) -427.997 (en\055) ] TJ T* [ (coder) -408.013 (output\056) -783.989 (That) -407.998 (is\054) -447.009 (the) -408 (length) -407.986 (of) -408.01 (the) -408 (discrete) -408 (code) -408.01 (is) ] TJ -13.741 -29.8879 Td (1) Tj ET Q Q Q q q 1 1 1 rg /a0 gs 48.406 786.422 515.188 -52.699 re f q /s5 gs /x6 Do Q q /s7 gs /x8 Do Q q /s9 gs /x10 Do Q q /s11 gs /x12 Do Q Q Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET 1 1 1 rg n 270 47 72 14 re f* 0.5 0.5 0.5 rg BT /F2 9 Tf 10.8 TL ET BT 1 0 0 1 297 50 Tm (3214) Tj T* ET Q endstream endobj 15 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources << /ExtGState << /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> >> /XObject << /x18 16 0 R >> >> /Length 28 /Group << /Type /Group /S /Transparency /CS /DeviceRGB /I true >> /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Type /XObject /Subtype /Form >> stream x+O4PH/VЯ0Pp 0 endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources 17 0 R /Length 107 /Type /XObject /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Subtype /Form >> stream xe AC̬wʠ =p,?]%+H-
Jc "82w8VSnGW;"
endstream
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources <<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
/XObject <<
/x15 19 0 R
>>
>>
/Length 28
/Group <<
/Type /Group
/S /Transparency
/CS /DeviceRGB
/I true
>>
/BBox [ 67 752 84 775 ]
/Type /XObject
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
x+O4PH/VЯ04Up
0
endstream
endobj
19 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources 20 0 R
/Length 228
/Type /XObject
/BBox [ 67 752 84 775 ]
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
xeQKn!s ?FPav6R٪TS.
b];15YyR
{7QL.\:Rv/x9l+L7h%1!}i/AI(kz"U&,YO![R hg{3}4/GyYF:!w}Gn+'xJcO9i뽼_-:`
endstream
endobj
20 0 obj
<<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources <<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
/XObject <<
/x24 22 0 R
>>
>>
/Length 28
/Group <<
/Type /Group
/S /Transparency
/CS /DeviceRGB
/I true
>>
/BBox [ 132 751 480 772 ]
/Type /XObject
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
x+O4PH/VЯ02Qp
0
endstream
endobj
22 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources 23 0 R
/Length 53223
/Type /XObject
/BBox [ 132 751 480 772 ]
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
xtI:6%Q㨈?7rA= u%6 ?Y(WbWo{B>9
x`Znϳ|8{3?0x*z ǃ|,@:w>`c|*ϻⳅKO3`g
:_|}}><.6`Z{{3]#<_o"~:ͺgk7/Ұ@|K yp ]03ʷCmş8˽Y?>(3!Bwqs.Z8,~~=rMT̩y+/*w: uBZ_`ߵp`%M?ɝ1ɳw=vDۉy&xb4Q>d@ sg~lA