%PDF-1.3 1 0 obj << /Kids [ 3 0 R 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R ] /Type /Pages /Count 7 >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Title (Stingray Detection of Aerial Images Using Augmented Training Images Generated by a Conditional Generative Model) /Producer (PyPDF2) /Author (Yi\055Min Chou\054 Chien\055Hung Chen\054 Keng\055Hao Liu\054 Chu\055Song Chen) /Subject (2018 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops) >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 11 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /x8 12 0 R /x6 15 0 R /x12 18 0 R /x10 21 0 R >> /ExtGState << /s9 24 0 R /s11 27 0 R /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> /R18 30 0 R /s5 31 0 R /s7 34 0 R >> /Font << /F2 37 0 R /F1 38 0 R /R21 39 0 R /R19 43 0 R /R23 48 0 R /R25 51 0 R /R27 55 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R ] >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 68 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R37 69 0 R /R39 70 0 R /R38 71 0 R /R41 72 0 R /R40 73 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R18 30 0 R >> /Font << /R21 39 0 R /R19 43 0 R /F1 74 0 R /R42 75 0 R /F2 79 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R ] >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 83 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R65 84 0 R /R67 85 0 R /R66 86 0 R /R70 87 0 R /R69 88 0 R /R68 89 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R18 30 0 R >> /Font << /R73 90 0 R /R71 94 0 R /F2 98 0 R /F1 99 0 R /R21 39 0 R /R19 43 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R ] >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 115 0 R /Resources << /ColorSpace << /R99 116 0 R >> /XObject << /R98 117 0 R /R91 118 0 R /R132 119 0 R /R96 145 0 R /R97 146 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] /Pattern << /R127 123 0 R /R131 130 0 R /R125 132 0 R /R113 139 0 R /R129 141 0 R /R106 143 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R90 120 0 R /R18 30 0 R /R92 121 0 R /R93 122 0 R >> /Font << /R119 162 0 R /R141 170 0 R /R143 173 0 R /F1 177 0 R /R71 94 0 R /R116 151 0 R /R42 75 0 R /F2 178 0 R /R133 179 0 R /R135 183 0 R /R137 186 0 R /R21 39 0 R /R19 43 0 R /R94 147 0 R /R139 190 0 R /R122 158 0 R >> /Shading << /R130 131 0 R /R126 124 0 R /R124 133 0 R /R112 140 0 R /R105 144 0 R /R128 142 0 R >> >> /Group 169 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 200 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R163 201 0 R /R162 202 0 R /R161 203 0 R /R160 204 0 R /R167 205 0 R /R166 206 0 R /R165 207 0 R /R164 208 0 R /R169 209 0 R /R168 210 0 R /R170 211 0 R /R171 212 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R18 30 0 R >> /Font << /R141 170 0 R /R174 213 0 R /F1 216 0 R /R42 75 0 R /R172 217 0 R /F2 220 0 R /R133 179 0 R /R135 183 0 R /R137 186 0 R /R21 39 0 R /R19 43 0 R /R139 190 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R ] >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 228 0 R /Resources << /ColorSpace << /R192 229 0 R >> /XObject << /R361 230 0 R /R200 232 0 R /R201 233 0 R /R364 234 0 R /R367 236 0 R /R265 339 0 R /R209 340 0 R /R276 347 0 R /R329 341 0 R /R191 393 0 R /R325 343 0 R /R247 344 0 R /R244 345 0 R /R326 346 0 R /R321 348 0 R /R320 349 0 R /R241 350 0 R /R288 351 0 R /R289 352 0 R /R349 353 0 R /R280 354 0 R /R281 405 0 R /R284 357 0 R /R285 358 0 R /R187 373 0 R /R347 356 0 R /R275 368 0 R /R344 360 0 R /R238 362 0 R /R235 363 0 R /R232 364 0 R /R341 365 0 R /R271 366 0 R /R277 367 0 R /R333 361 0 R /R330 359 0 R /R274 342 0 R /R229 370 0 R /R185 371 0 R /R184 372 0 R /R262 411 0 R /R348 355 0 R /R189 375 0 R /R188 376 0 R /R222 235 0 R /R223 377 0 R /R268 378 0 R /R213 392 0 R /R226 380 0 R /R309 381 0 R /R308 382 0 R /R301 384 0 R /R300 385 0 R /R305 386 0 R /R304 387 0 R /R216 395 0 R /R219 389 0 R /R358 390 0 R /R210 391 0 R /R316 379 0 R /R317 369 0 R /R312 394 0 R /R313 388 0 R /R350 396 0 R /R351 397 0 R /R352 398 0 R /R353 399 0 R /R354 400 0 R /R355 401 0 R /R356 402 0 R /R357 403 0 R /R259 404 0 R /R256 406 0 R /R250 407 0 R /R253 408 0 R /R293 409 0 R /R292 410 0 R /R297 383 0 R /R296 412 0 R /R190 231 0 R /R186 374 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] /Pattern << /R264 244 0 R /R360 264 0 R /R363 246 0 R /R267 253 0 R /R261 255 0 R /R199 262 0 R /R366 295 0 R /R346 299 0 R /R208 268 0 R /R343 270 0 R /R225 272 0 R /R340 274 0 R /R255 321 0 R /R328 278 0 R /R249 281 0 R /R303 276 0 R /R324 285 0 R /R307 287 0 R /R243 289 0 R /R240 291 0 R /R283 293 0 R /R287 297 0 R /R221 266 0 R /R315 301 0 R /R212 303 0 R /R215 305 0 R /R311 307 0 R /R237 309 0 R /R218 311 0 R /R234 313 0 R /R319 315 0 R /R231 317 0 R /R279 319 0 R /R258 323 0 R /R273 325 0 R /R270 327 0 R /R332 329 0 R /R252 331 0 R /R299 333 0 R /R246 283 0 R /R291 335 0 R /R295 337 0 R /R228 237 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R90 120 0 R /R18 30 0 R >> /Font << /F2 413 0 R /F1 414 0 R /R172 217 0 R /R137 186 0 R /R21 39 0 R /R19 43 0 R /R94 147 0 R /R27 55 0 R >> /Shading << /R211 304 0 R /R266 254 0 R /R362 247 0 R /R365 296 0 R /R207 269 0 R /R263 245 0 R /R220 267 0 R /R345 300 0 R /R224 273 0 R /R342 271 0 R /R227 238 0 R /R248 282 0 R /R254 322 0 R /R302 277 0 R /R327 279 0 R /R245 284 0 R /R242 290 0 R /R306 288 0 R /R323 286 0 R /R217 312 0 R /R282 294 0 R /R286 298 0 R /R260 256 0 R /R314 302 0 R /R359 265 0 R /R310 308 0 R /R214 306 0 R /R239 292 0 R /R236 310 0 R /R198 263 0 R /R318 316 0 R /R269 328 0 R /R278 320 0 R /R339 275 0 R /R233 314 0 R /R272 326 0 R /R257 324 0 R /R230 318 0 R /R251 332 0 R /R331 330 0 R /R298 334 0 R /R290 336 0 R /R294 338 0 R >> >> /Group 169 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 415 0 R 416 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 417 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R18 30 0 R >> /Font << /R21 39 0 R /F2 418 0 R /F1 419 0 R /R27 55 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R >> endobj 11 0 obj << /Length 17393 >> stream q q q 0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0 cm /R18 gs 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R19 14.3462 Tf 1 0 0 1 79.7379 675.067 Tm [ (Stingray) -250.005 (Detection) -250.003 (of) -250.012 (Aerial) -250.005 (Images) -249.991 (Using) -249.991 (A) 50.0017 (ugmented) -250.002 (T) 73.9899 (raining) -250.008 (Images) ] TJ 74.3633 -17.9332 Td [ (Generated) -249.998 (by) -250.013 (A) -250.002 (Conditional) -249.991 (Generati) 9.99625 (v) 9.99625 (e) -250 (Model) ] TJ /R21 11.9552 Tf -46.8691 -37.8578 Td [ (Y) 54.9915 (i\055Min) -249.992 (Chou) ] TJ /R23 7.9701 Tf 64.1031 4.33867 Td [ (1) -0.29866 ] TJ /R25 7.9701 Tf 4.23398 0 Td [ (\073) -0.09955 ] TJ /R23 7.9701 Tf 2.35195 0 Td [ (2) -0.29866 ] TJ /R21 11.9552 Tf 19.677 -4.33867 Td [ (Chien\055Hung) -250 (Chen) ] TJ /R23 7.9701 Tf 87.332 4.33867 Td [ (1) -0.30019 ] TJ /R25 7.9701 Tf 4.23398 0 Td [ (\073) -0.10109 ] TJ /R23 7.9701 Tf 2.35195 0 Td [ (2) -0.30019 ] TJ /R21 11.9552 Tf 19.677 -4.33867 Td [ (K) 24.9977 (eng\055Hao) -249.987 (Liu) ] TJ /R23 7.9701 Tf 69.0879 4.33867 Td [ (3) -0.30019 ] TJ /R21 11.9552 Tf 19.6762 -4.33867 Td [ (Chu\055Song) -249.985 (Chen) ] TJ /R23 7.9701 Tf 76.716 4.33867 Td [ (1) -0.30019 ] TJ /R25 7.9701 Tf 4.23398 0 Td [ (\073) -0.09802 ] TJ /R23 7.9701 Tf 2.35312 0 Td [ (2) -0.30019 ] TJ -347.53 -13.9477 Td [ (1) -0.29866 ] TJ /R21 11.9552 Tf 7.72109 -4.33828 Td [ (Institute) -250.015 (of) -250.015 (Information) -250.004 (Science\054) -249.993 (Academia) -249.991 (Sinica\054) -250.002 (T) 80.0147 (aipei\054) -249.989 (T) 80.0147 (aiw) 10.0023 (an) ] TJ /R23 7.9701 Tf -26.5512 -9.60977 Td [ (2) -0.29866 ] TJ /R21 11.9552 Tf 7.72109 -4.33828 Td [ (MOST) -250.004 (Joint) -250.011 (Research) -250.006 (Center) -249.997 (for) -249.995 (AI) -250.002 (T) 70.0164 (echnology) -249.997 (and) -249.987 (All) -250.004 (V) 59.9916 (ista) -249.997 (Healthcare) ] TJ /R23 7.9701 Tf -55.0801 -9.60898 Td [ (3) -0.30019 ] TJ /R21 11.9552 Tf 7.72109 -4.33867 Td [ (Department) -250 (of) -250.015 (Mechanical) -249.995 (Electro\055mechanical) -250.012 (Engineering\054) -249.985 (National) -249.997 (Sun) -249.993 (Y) 99.9826 (at\055sen) -250.006 (Uni) 24.9957 (v) 14.9851 (ersity) 64.9887 (\054) ] TJ 174.072 -13.9473 Td [ (Kaohsiung\054) -249.985 (T) 80.0147 (aiw) 10 (an) ] TJ /R19 11.9552 Tf -105.339 -41.0461 Td (Abstract) Tj /R27 9.9626 Tf -83.9277 -24.591 Td [ (In) -237.017 (this) -236.994 (paper) 111.018 (\054) -239.997 (we) -237.011 (pr) 36.9852 (esent) -237.009 (an) -237.009 (object) -237.003 (detection) -236.995 (method) -237 (that) ] TJ -11.9551 -11.9547 Td [ (tac) 20.0046 (kles) -307.984 (the) -308.019 (stingr) 15.0147 (ay) -307.987 (det) 0.98758 (ection) -308.011 (pr) 44.9839 (oblem) -308.011 (based) -308.01 (on) -308.017 (aerial) -308 (im\055) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (a) 10.0032 (g) 10.0032 (es\056) -461.017 (In) -299.987 (this) -300.003 (pr) 44.9839 (oblem\054) -312.988 (the) -299.982 (ima) 10.013 (g) 10.0032 (es) -299.988 (ar) 36.9852 (e) -299.994 (aerially) -299.999 (captur) 36.9987 (ed) -301.009 (on) ] TJ T* [ (a) -364.993 (sea\055surface) -365.013 (ar) 36.9852 (ea) -364.997 (by) -364.997 (using) -365.009 (an) -366.008 (Unmanned) -365.01 (Aerial) -365.013 (V) 111.006 (ehicle) ] TJ T* [ (\050U) 39.9927 (A) 105.006 (V\051\054) -251.014 (and) -251.002 (the) -249.99 (stingr) 15.0147 (ays) -251.01 (swimming) -251.007 (under) -249.98 (\050b) 20 (ut) -251.005 (close) -251.007 (to\051) -251.007 (the) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (sea) -418.002 (surface) -417.008 (ar) 36.9852 (e) -418.014 (the) -416.982 (tar) 36.9926 (g) 10.0032 (et) -418.006 (we) -417.02 (want) -418.017 (to) -417.996 (detect) -416.982 (and) -417.994 (locate) 14.9926 (\056) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (T) 91.9987 (o) -315.982 (this) -316.98 (end\054) -332.995 (we) -316.017 (use) -316.018 (a) -317.001 (deep) -315.985 (object) -316.01 (detection) -316.981 (method\054) -333.02 (faster) ] TJ T* [ (RCNN\054) -223.015 (to) -223.009 (tr) 14.9914 (ain) -223.004 (a) -223.017 (stingr) 15.0147 (ay) -222.981 (detector) -223.004 (based) -223.004 (on) -223.012 (a) -223.017 (limited) -222.99 (tr) 14.9901 (ain\055) ] TJ T* [ (ing) -292.013 (set) -291.981 (of) -292.017 (ima) 10.013 (g) 10.0032 (es\056) -436.002 (T) 92 (o) -291.986 (boost) -292.002 (the) -291.983 (performance) 9.98853 (\054) -303.006 (we) -291.981 (de) 15.0171 (velop) -291.983 (a) ] TJ T* [ (ne) 15.0177 (w) -249.004 (g) 10.0032 (ener) 15.0196 (ative) -249.006 (appr) 44.9937 (oac) 14.984 (h\054) -249.01 (conditional) -247.983 (GLO\054) -248.995 (to) -249.005 (incr) 36.9889 (ease) -249.015 (the) ] TJ T* [ (tr) 14.9914 (aining) -357.984 (samples) -357.991 (of) -358.006 (stingr) 15.0147 (ay) 55.0117 (\054) -384.992 (whic) 14.9987 (h) -358.014 (is) -358.005 (an) -358.989 (e) 19.9918 (xtension) -357.992 (of) -358.006 (the) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (Gener) 14.9834 (ative) -372.006 (Latent) -371.002 (Optimization) -371.988 (\050GLO\051) -372.002 (appr) 44.9949 (oac) 14.9828 (h\056) -675.017 (Unlik) 10.0155 (e) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (tr) 14.9914 (aditional) -368.983 (data) -369.014 (augmentation) -368.001 (methods) -369.009 (that) -369.012 (g) 10.0032 (ener) 15.0196 (ate) -368.99 (ne) 15.0171 (w) ] TJ T* [ (data) -433.984 (only) -433.993 (for) -433.988 (ima) 10.013 (g) 10.0032 (e) -434.011 <636c6173736902636174696f6e2c> -480.017 (our) -435.008 (pr) 44.9851 (oposed) -433.984 (method) ] TJ T* [ (that) -278.988 (mixes) -279.005 (for) 36.9926 (e) 39.9884 (gr) 44.9839 (ound) -278.993 (and) -278.998 (bac) 20.0028 (kgr) 45.0194 (ound) -280.012 (t) 0.98758 (o) 10.0032 (g) 10.0032 (ether) -279.983 (can) -279.007 (g) 10.0032 (ener) 20 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (ate) -259.008 (ne) 15.0177 (w) -259.002 (data) -258.994 (for) -258.017 (an) -259.006 (object) -259 (detection) -258.992 (task\054) -260.998 (and) -259 (thus) -258.994 (impr) 44.9949 (o) 10.0032 (ve) ] TJ 11.9563 TL T* [ (the) -348.012 (tr) 14.9914 (aining) -347.006 (ef) 18 <0263616379> -347.984 (of) -346.989 (a) -348.015 (CNN) -347 (detector) 111.018 (\056) -602.995 (Experimental) -347.984 (r) 37.0183 (e\055) ] TJ 11.9547 TL T* [ (sults) -284 (show) -282.982 (that) -284.007 <73617469730261626c65> -283.982 (performance) -284.002 (can) -283.007 (be) -283.992 (obtained) -283.997 (by) ] TJ T* [ (using) -278.004 (our) -278.016 (appr) 44.9937 (oac) 14.984 (h) -279.007 (on) -277.983 (stingr) 15.0147 (ay) -277.992 (detection) -278.008 (in) -279 (aer) 0.98758 (ial) -278.993 (ima) 10.013 (g) 10.0032 (es\056) ] TJ /R19 11.9552 Tf 49.8602 TL T* [ (1\056) -249.99 (Intr) 18.0146 (oduction) ] TJ /R21 9.9626 Tf 11.9551 -19.609 Td [ (Detecting) -312.005 <73706563690263> -312.007 (animals) -311.997 (in) -312.014 (aerial) -313.009 (i) 0.98758 (mages) -312.992 (captured) -311.982 (by) ] TJ -11.9551 -11.9551 Td [ (an) -321.985 (U) 39.9964 (A) 135 (V) -321.982 (is) -322.011 (a) -321.99 (crucial) -321.982 (research) -321.998 (topic\056) -526.988 (In) -321.983 (this) -322 (research) -321.998 (direc\055) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (tion\054) -405.003 (computer) -373.994 (vision) -373.98 (techniques) -373.989 (are) -373.989 <62656e65026369616c> -373.994 (to) -374.004 (the) -374.009 (de\055) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (v) 14.9828 (elopment) -410.996 (of) -410.989 (popular) -411.99 (tools) -410.999 (for) -410.991 (biological) -410.99 (researches\056) -793.992 (In) ] TJ T* [ (this) -512.006 (paper) 39.9915 (\054) -577 (a) -511.018 (stingray) -512.004 (detection) -510.989 (approach) -511.988 (is) -512.02 (introduced\056) ] TJ T* [ (Stingrays) -388.011 (are) -387.987 (common) -388.017 (in) -388.001 (coastal) -388.982 (tropic) 0.99738 (al) -388.991 (and) -388.009 (subtropical) ] TJ T* [ (marine) -241.006 (w) 10.0014 (aters\056) -307.004 (The) 14.9828 (y) -241.994 (usually) -240.988 (appear) -240.986 (in) -241.987 (surf) 10.0032 (ace) -240.992 (w) 10 (ater) -240.984 (so) -241.987 (that) ] TJ 11.9563 TL T* [ (a) -196.011 (common) -196.991 (U) 39.9964 (A) 135 (V) -196.004 (can) -196.99 (capture) -196.005 (them\056) -292.008 (In) -196.986 (this) -195.982 (w) 10 (ork\054) -207.014 (the) -197.019 (scenario) ] TJ 11.9547 TL T* [ (we) -265.996 (focus) -265.986 (on) -267.004 (is) -265.981 (the) -265.987 (automatic) -266.003 (detection) -266.011 (of) -265.992 (stingray) -266.987 (from) -265.985 (the) ] TJ T* [ (aerial) -250 (images) -250.015 (recorded) -250.002 (on) -249.988 (a) -250.002 (sea\055surf) 9.99711 (ace) -250.01 (area\056) ] TJ 11.9551 -12.6352 Td [ (T) 79.9903 (o) -225.997 (monitor) -224.983 (the) -225.994 (beha) 19.9979 (viors) -225.982 (and) -225.015 (understand) -226.014 (the) -225.994 (distrib) 19.9918 (ution) ] TJ -11.9551 -11.9551 Td [ (of) -204.984 (a) -204.99 (certain) -206.002 (animal\054) -214.017 (biologists) -205.003 (collect) -205.011 (aerial) -204.988 (photos) -204.99 (o) -1.01454 (r) -204.988 (videos) ] TJ 258.75 441.439 Td [ (by) -223.012 (an) -224.002 (U) 39.9958 (A) 135 (V) 129 (\056) -223.019 (After) -222.982 (obtaining) -223.997 (the) -223.012 (materials\054) -228.996 (the) 14.9877 (y) -223.017 (ha) 19.9967 (v) 14.9828 (e) -222.987 (to) -223.992 (man\055) ] TJ T* [ (ually) -334.003 (annotate) -334.986 (the) -334.015 (position\054) -356.009 (number) 40.0129 (\054) -356.014 (and) -334.018 (size) -334.998 (of) -333.983 (the) -334.993 (tar) 17.997 (get) ] TJ T* [ (animal) -211.002 (from) -209.994 (the) -211.016 (image) -209.989 (scene\056) -297.009 (This) -211 (step) -211.009 (is) -209.989 (e) 15.0122 (xtremely) -211 (tedious) ] TJ T* [ (and) -356.014 (time\055consuming\056) -629.983 (Besides\054) -383.005 (the) -356.009 (collected) -356.004 (photos) -357.004 (could) ] TJ T* [ (be) -267.014 (partially) -266.987 (useless) -266.992 (because) -267.014 (the) -267.004 (tar) 17.997 (get) -267.004 (animal) -266.99 (may) -267 (be) -267.014 (miss\055) ] TJ T* [ (ing) -280.015 (in) -281 (the) -279.985 (scene\056) -400.992 (Therefore\054) -287.016 (using) -280.983 (an) -279.992 (automatic\054) -287.996 (computer) 20.0212 (\055) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (based) -205.017 (method) -206.015 (to) -205.012 (recognize) -206.005 (the) -205.015 (tar) 17.997 (get) -205.015 (animal) -205.98 (is) -205.01 (necessary) -206.005 (for) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (the) -249.99 (kind) -250.015 (of) -249.995 (research\056) ] TJ 11.9551 -17.482 Td [ (Ho) 24.9836 (we) 25.013 (v) 14.9828 (er) 39.986 (\054) -525.008 (automaticly) -469.015 (recognizing) -470.015 (the) -469.01 (stingray) -470.01 (is) -469.985 (de\055) ] TJ -11.9551 -11.9547 Td [ (manding) -406.996 (due) -406.006 (to) -407.018 (the) -406.984 (follo) 24.9958 (wing) -405.991 (issues\056) -779.997 (First\054) -446.009 (the) -406.981 (color) -406.981 (of) ] TJ T* [ (stingrays) -295.014 (is) -294.997 (similar) -295.017 (to) -294.997 (that) -294.995 (of) -295.01 (the) -295 (rocks\057reefs) -295.005 (under) -295 (the) -295 (w) 10.0032 (a\055) ] TJ T* [ (ter) 39.9933 (\054) -352.997 (and) -332.018 (the) -332.016 (stingrays) -331.989 (could) -332.003 (be) -331.984 (occluded) -332.008 (by) -332.013 (the) -332.013 (dust) -331.999 (when) ] TJ T* [ (swimming\056) -891.986 (Second\054) -492.994 (the) -443.995 (aerial) -444.004 (images) -443.985 (are) -444.014 (usually) -444.014 <026c6c6564> ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (with) -375.994 (light) -375.984 <726503656374696f6e> -375.013 (of) -376.013 (w) 10.0032 (ater) -375.981 (ripples\073) -438.995 (Third\054) -407.01 (the) -376.006 (shape) -376.006 (of) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (stingray) -254.989 (is) -255.984 (not) -255 (al) 10 (w) 10 (ays) -255.009 (consistent\054) -257.011 (and) -255.011 (is) -255.002 (hard) -255.996 (to) -255.006 <6465026e652e> -326.004 (Un\055) ] TJ T* [ (der) -263.017 (such) -263.003 (circumstances) 1.00473 (\054) -265.992 (traditional) -263.015 (machine) -263 (learning) -262.995 (meth\055) ] TJ T* [ (ods) -278.995 (accompanied) -278.995 (with) -278.99 (hand\055craft) -277.993 (features) -279.012 (often) -279.002 (f) 9.99343 (ail) -279.002 (for) -279.012 (the) ] TJ T* [ (detection) -218.018 (task) -217.008 (on) -217.993 (the) -217.995 (sea\055surf) 9.99833 (ace) -216.998 (images) -217.983 (aerially) -217.993 (t) 0.98513 (ak) 9.99833 (en\056) -299.984 (Fig\055) ] TJ 11.9559 TL (ure) ' ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 324.075 301.72 Tm (1) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 331.547 301.72 Tm [ (demonstrates) -250 (the) -249.99 (dif) 24.986 <0263756c7479> -250.002 (of) -249.997 (this) -250.012 (problem\056) ] TJ -10.7297 -17.4812 Td [ (As) -271.004 (the) -271.986 (rapid) -271.004 (progress) -270.996 (of) -271.994 (deep) -271.014 (learning) -272.013 (\050DL\051\054) -271.009 (it) -270.999 (has) -271.989 (been) ] TJ -11.9551 -11.9559 Td [ (a) -390.018 (popular) -389.994 (approach) -390.989 (to) -390.001 (man) 14.9926 (y) -390.008 (image) -389.999 <636c6173736902636174696f6e> -390.004 (and) -390.989 (ob\055) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (ject) -285.987 (detection) -286.986 (tasks\056) -419.006 (In) -285.989 (recent) -287.016 (years\054) -295.01 (a) -287.016 (breakthrough) -286.001 (of) -287.011 (im\055) ] TJ T* [ (age) -347.003 (recognition) -347.986 (has) -346.994 (been) -347 (made) -348.011 (via) -346.991 (deep) -347 (con) 39.9982 (v) 20.0016 (olution) -348.02 (neu\055) ] TJ T* [ (ral) -473.019 (netw) 10.0081 (orks) -471.987 (\050CNN\051) -473.007 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 400.907 236.418 Tm (12) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 410.869 236.418 Tm [ (\135\056) -977.994 (Deep) -472.98 (CNN) -471.98 (enforces) -472.985 (end\055to\055) ] TJ -102.007 -11.9551 Td [ (end) -434.981 (training\054) -482.005 (so) -435.013 (that) -435.991 (feature) -434.991 (e) 15.0122 (xtraction) -435 (and) -436 <636c6173736902636174696f6e> ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (are) -488.989 (inte) 14.9926 (grated) -489.012 (in) -489.984 (a) -488.982 (single) -488.992 (frame) 25.0105 (w) 10.0032 (ork\056) -1028.01 (Besides) -488.987 (handing) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (the) -433.018 (case) -432.994 (where) -432.991 (only) -433.004 (one) -432.982 (concept) -433.016 (is) -433.011 (contained) -433.006 (in) -433.016 (an) -432.987 (im\055) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (age) -345.984 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 329.455 188.596 Tm (12) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 339.417 188.596 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 345.355 188.596 Tm (19) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 355.318 188.596 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 361.255 188.596 Tm (10) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 371.218 188.596 Tm [ (\135\054) -370.017 (deep) -346.018 (CNN) -346.001 (has) -346.016 (been) -347 (e) 15.0122 (xtended) -346.001 (for) -345.981 (object) ] TJ -62.3559 -11.9551 Td [ (detection) -242.994 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 351.123 176.641 Tm (17) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 361.086 176.641 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 365.998 176.641 Tm (13) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 375.96 176.641 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 380.872 176.641 Tm (16) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 390.834 176.641 Tm [ (\135\054) -245.018 (where) -242.984 (not) -242.999 (only) -242.994 (the) -243.989 (objects) -242.999 (contained) ] TJ -81.9723 -11.9551 Td [ (in) -386.002 (an) -386.014 (image) -386 (are) -385.987 (recognized) -386.009 (b) 20.0016 (ut) -386.004 (their) -386.004 (sites) -387.009 (are) -385.985 (mark) 10.0081 (ed) -386.014 (by) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (tight) -214.011 (bounding) -214.001 (box) 14.9926 (es\056) -297.985 (In) -214.001 (our) -213.999 (case\054) -220.988 (the) -215.013 (problem) -214.018 (to) -213.994 (be) -214.004 (tackled) ] TJ 11.9559 TL T* [ (belongs) -367.007 (to) -366.005 (2\055class) -366.985 (object) -366.003 (detection\054) -395.988 (where) -365.983 (the) -366.988 (fore) 15.0122 (ground) ] TJ 11.9551 TL T* [ (\050or) -267.997 (positi) 25.013 (v) 14.9828 (e\051) -268.002 (class) -269.004 (consists) -267.995 (of) -267.995 (stingrays) -268 (and) -267.99 (the) -269.004 (background) ] TJ T* [ (\050or) -277.995 (ne) 15.0171 (g) 4.98446 (ati) 24.986 (v) 14.9828 (e\051) -278.98 (class) -277.983 (consists) -277.993 (of) -279.012 (sea\055surf) 9.99833 (ace) -278.008 (patches\056) -395.017 (W) 79.9866 (e) -279.017 (em\055) ] TJ T* [ (plo) 10.0155 (y) -372.011 (deep) -372.014 (CNN) -371.017 (detectors) -372.002 (to) -372.007 <66756c026c6c> -372.016 (our) -372.011 (goal\054) -401.997 (where) -371.982 (f) 9.99343 (aster) ] TJ T* [ (RCNN) -250.005 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 342.346 92.9555 Tm (17) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R21 9.9626 Tf 1 0 0 1 352.309 92.9555 Tm [ (\135) -250 (is) -249.985 (used) -251.005 (in) -249.985 (our) -249.993 (w) 10.0032 (ork\056) -310.017 (The) -251.012 (performance) -249.997 (obtained) ] TJ -43.4469 -11.9551 Td [ (is) -233.988 (f) 9.99588 (ar) -234.008 (more) -233.99 <7361746973026564> -234.003 (than) -233.988 (that) -233.985 (of) -234 (using) -234.01 (hand\055craft) -234 (features) -234 (in) ] TJ ET Q Q Q q q 1 1 1 rg /a0 gs 48.406 786.422 515.188 -52.699 re f q /s5 gs /x6 Do Q q /s7 gs /x8 Do Q q /s9 gs /x10 Do Q q /s11 gs /x12 Do Q Q Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET 1 1 1 rg n 270 32 72 14 re f* 0.5 0.5 0.5 rg BT /F2 9 Tf 10.8 TL ET BT 1 0 0 1 297 35 Tm (1516) Tj T* ET Q endstream endobj 12 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources << /ExtGState << /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> >> /XObject << /x18 13 0 R >> >> /Length 28 /Group << /Type /Group /S /Transparency /CS /DeviceRGB /I true >> /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Type /XObject /Subtype /Form >> stream x+O4PH/VЯ0Pp 0 endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources 14 0 R /Length 107 /Type /XObject /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Subtype /Form >> stream xe AC̬wʠ =p,?]%+H-
Jc "82w8VSnGW;"
endstream
endobj
14 0 obj
<<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources <<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
/XObject <<
/x15 16 0 R
>>
>>
/Length 28
/Group <<
/Type /Group
/S /Transparency
/CS /DeviceRGB
/I true
>>
/BBox [ 67 752 84 775 ]
/Type /XObject
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
x+O4PH/VЯ04Up
0
endstream
endobj
16 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources 17 0 R
/Length 228
/Type /XObject
/BBox [ 67 752 84 775 ]
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
xeQKn!s ?FPav6R٪TS.
b];15YyR
{7QL.\:Rv/x9l+L7h%1!}i/AI(kz"U&,YO![R hg{3}4/GyYF:!w}Gn+'xJcO9i뽼_-:`
endstream
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources <<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
/XObject <<
/x24 19 0 R
>>
>>
/Length 28
/Group <<
/Type /Group
/S /Transparency
/CS /DeviceRGB
/I true
>>
/BBox [ 112 751 500 772 ]
/Type /XObject
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
x+O4PH/VЯ02Qp
0
endstream
endobj
19 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources 20 0 R
/Length 56490
/Type /XObject
/BBox [ 112 751 500 772 ]
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
xtIJ5*|^~x?P9)<<ҥ+kh4}/?>]漿վ]Z Ǭ57W'b~?Kwk6:>rAニxeG1k-/LfߗA̺(egk5>
=KO1{Vux}Ol|_s؟|*>5=k|*a5x}On :97~1s7rX {|>IQQo6|'\#x_ڽC}M7(췀(N
سW#^Ň}|zblnB'\o=r;$s:z-
V3+έ昵 WD/nl ;q"3Pg휅\3C`k7760c9-Cȸ