%PDF-1.3 1 0 obj << /Kids [ 3 0 R 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R ] /Type /Pages /Count 9 >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Title (Active Transfer Learning With Zero\055Shot Priors\072 Reusing Past Datasets for Future Tasks) /Producer (PyPDF2) /Author (Efstratios Gavves\054 Thomas Mensink\054 Tatiana Tommasi\054 Cees G\056 M\056 Snoek\054 Tinne Tuytelaars) /Subject (2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision) >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 13 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /x8 14 0 R /R46 17 0 R /R45 18 0 R /x12 19 0 R /x6 22 0 R /x10 25 0 R >> /ExtGState << /s9 28 0 R /s11 31 0 R /R27 34 0 R /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> /s5 35 0 R /s7 38 0 R >> /Font << /R42 41 0 R /R40 45 0 R /F2 50 0 R /R28 51 0 R /F1 54 0 R /R38 55 0 R /R36 58 0 R /R34 62 0 R /R32 66 0 R /R30 70 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /Group 74 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 93 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R27 34 0 R >> /Font << /R32 66 0 R /F1 94 0 R /R40 45 0 R /F2 95 0 R /R36 58 0 R /R88 96 0 R /R38 55 0 R /R90 99 0 R /R92 103 0 R /R94 106 0 R /R86 109 0 R /R30 70 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R ] >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 147 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R27 34 0 R >> /Font << /R118 148 0 R /R32 66 0 R /F1 153 0 R /R116 154 0 R /R114 158 0 R /R40 45 0 R /F2 161 0 R /R36 58 0 R /R88 96 0 R /R38 55 0 R /R120 162 0 R /R90 99 0 R /R92 103 0 R /R94 106 0 R /R86 109 0 R /R30 70 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R ] >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 178 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R131 179 0 R /R132 180 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R27 34 0 R >> /Font << /R118 148 0 R /F1 181 0 R /R116 154 0 R /R40 45 0 R /F2 182 0 R /R36 58 0 R /R88 96 0 R /R38 55 0 R /R90 99 0 R /R92 103 0 R /R32 66 0 R /R86 109 0 R /R30 70 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /Group 74 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 188 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R27 34 0 R >> /Font << /R118 148 0 R /R149 189 0 R /F1 192 0 R /R116 154 0 R /R147 193 0 R /R40 45 0 R /F2 196 0 R /R36 58 0 R /R88 96 0 R /R38 55 0 R /R90 99 0 R /R92 103 0 R /R32 66 0 R /R86 109 0 R /R30 70 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R ] >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 205 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R27 34 0 R >> /Font << /R181 206 0 R /R40 45 0 R /F2 210 0 R /R88 96 0 R /R90 99 0 R /R92 103 0 R /R86 109 0 R /R167 211 0 R /R179 214 0 R /R175 217 0 R /R169 220 0 R /R177 223 0 R /R171 227 0 R /R173 230 0 R /F1 233 0 R /R38 55 0 R /R36 58 0 R /R32 66 0 R /R30 70 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R 244 0 R ] >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 245 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R27 34 0 R >> /Font << /R181 206 0 R /R207 246 0 R /R205 249 0 R /R40 45 0 R /F2 252 0 R /F1 253 0 R /R38 55 0 R /R36 58 0 R /R92 103 0 R /R32 66 0 R /R86 109 0 R /R30 70 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 254 0 R 255 0 R 256 0 R 257 0 R 258 0 R 259 0 R 260 0 R 261 0 R 262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R ] >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 270 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R220 271 0 R /R221 272 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R27 34 0 R >> /Font << /F2 273 0 R /F1 274 0 R /R36 58 0 R /R92 103 0 R /R32 66 0 R /R86 109 0 R /R30 70 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /Group 74 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R 278 0 R 279 0 R 280 0 R 281 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 11 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 282 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R27 34 0 R >> /Font << /R36 58 0 R /F2 283 0 R /F1 284 0 R /R32 66 0 R /R30 70 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R 302 0 R 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R 332 0 R 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R 336 0 R 337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R 347 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 350 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R 353 0 R 354 0 R ] >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R >> endobj 13 0 obj << /Length 18857 >> stream q q q 0.10000 0 0 0.10000 0 0 cm /R27 gs 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R28 14.34620 Tf 1 0 0 1 153.98700 675.06700 Tm [ (Activ) 15.00710 (e) -249.99900 (T) 36.99670 (ransf) 9.98774 (er) -250.01200 (Learning) -249.99600 (with) -250.01000 (Zero\055Shot) -250.00200 (Priors) ] TJ /R30 14.34620 Tf 282.47300 0 Td (\072) Tj -258.74500 -17.93320 Td [ (Reusing) -250.01200 (P) 10.01330 (ast) -249.99800 (Datasets) -249.98800 (f) 24.99230 (or) -249.99500 (Futur) 17.98950 (e) -250 (T) 91.98970 (asks) ] TJ /R32 11.95520 Tf -34.54100 -37.85780 Td [ (E\056) -250.01600 (Ga) 19.98940 (vv) 15.00760 (es) ] TJ /R34 7.97010 Tf 48.71720 4.33867 Td [ <03> -0.29866 ] TJ /R32 11.95520 Tf -115.39100 -18.28590 Td [ (Q) 10 (UV) 135.01200 (A) -249.98800 (Lab\054) -250.00300 (Uni) 24.99460 (v) 14.98620 (ersity) -249.98900 (of) -250.01500 (Amsterdam) ] TJ 243.18100 13.94730 Td [ (T) 74.00270 (\056) -250.01200 (Mensink) ] TJ -33.73670 -13.94730 Td [ (Uni) 24.99570 (v) 14.98510 (ersity) -249.98900 (of) -250.01400 (Amsterdam) ] TJ 162.63300 13.94730 Td [ (T) 74.00270 (\056) -250.01000 (T) 80.01470 (ommasi) ] TJ /R34 7.97010 Tf 56.60820 4.33867 Td [ <03> -0.30019 ] TJ /R32 11.95520 Tf -70.14730 -18.28590 Td [ (UNC) -249.99300 (Chapel) -249.99300 (Hill) ] TJ -264.11800 -19.92580 Td [ (C\056G\056M\056) -249.99300 (Snoek) ] TJ -56.49300 -13.94730 Td [ (Q) 10 (UV) 135.01100 (A) -249.98800 (Lab\054) -250.00300 (Uni) 24.99460 (v) 14.98620 (ersity) -249.98900 (of) -250.01400 (Amsterdam) ] TJ 259.97000 13.94730 Td [ (T) 74.00270 (\056) -250.01200 (T) 44.98810 (uytelaars) ] TJ -44.07890 -13.94730 Td [ (KU) -249.98700 (Leuv) 14.99540 (en\054) -249.99700 (ESA) 111.00600 (T) 92.00610 (\055PSI\054) -250.00200 (iMinds) ] TJ /R30 11.95520 Tf -184.32300 -41.04610 Td (Abstract) Tj /R36 9.96260 Tf -83.92810 -24.53590 Td [ (How) -403.99000 (can) -404.00500 (we) -404.00200 (r) 37.01960 (euse) -404.98900 (e) 19.99180 (xisting) -404.01700 (knowledg) 9.99098 (e) 9.99343 (\054) -442.00200 (in) -403.99900 (the) -404.98400 (form) -403.98900 (of) ] TJ -11.95470 -11.95510 Td [ (available) -279.01800 (datasets\054) -285.99100 (when) -278.99400 (solving) -278.98200 (a) -279.00700 (ne) 15.01830 (w) -279 (and) -278.99800 (appar) 37.00120 (ently) -279.00200 (un\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (r) 37.01960 (elated) -389.01700 (tar) 36.99260 (g) 10.00320 (et) -390.01100 (task) -389.02000 (fr) 44.98640 (om) -388.98700 (a) -390.00800 (set) -388.98500 (of) -388.98200 (unlabeled) -389.00100 (data\077) -728.00800 (In) -390.01100 (this) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (work) -336.98200 (we) -336.01300 (mak) 10.00200 (e) -337.00700 (a) -336.99800 <0272> 10.00940 (st) -336.98900 (contrib) 19.98810 (ution) -335.99300 (to) -336.99000 (answer) -337.01000 (this) -337.01700 (question) ] TJ T* [ (in) -318.01300 (the) -318.01700 (conte) 20.00520 (xt) -317.98400 (of) -318.01300 (ima) 10.01300 (g) 10.00320 (e) -317.01100 <636c6173736902636174696f6e2e> -514.01100 (W) 91.98710 (e) -317.99100 (fr) 14.99010 (ame) -317.98400 (this) -318 (quest) ] TJ T* [ (as) -281.98100 (an) -283.00200 (active) -281.98600 (learning) -283.01500 (pr) 44.98390 (oblem) -282.01500 (and) -282.99700 (use) -281.98500 (zer) 44.98020 (o\055shot) -282.98700 <636c61737369026572> 9.99343 (s) ] TJ T* [ (to) -267.00200 (guide) -268.01600 (the) -267.00600 (learning) -267.99800 (pr) 44.98390 (ocess) -267.00600 (by) -267.99300 (linking) -266.98200 (the) -267.00700 (ne) 15.01710 (w) -267.98200 (task) -267 (to) -267.98200 (the) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (e) 19.99240 (xisting) -393 <636c61737369026572> 9.99343 (s\056) -741.00500 (By) -392.99300 (r) 37.01960 (e) 15.01220 (visiting) -392.99200 (the) -394.00500 (dual) -393.01000 (formulation) -393.98800 (of) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (adaptive) -407.00400 (SVM\054) -407.01700 (we) -406.98200 (r) 37.01960 (e) 15.01220 (veal) -406.00700 (two) -407.00400 (basic) -407.01200 (conditions) -406.98100 (to) -407.01800 (c) 15.01220 (hoose) ] TJ T* [ (gr) 36.98520 (eedily) -402.98500 (only) -402 (the) -402.98400 (most) -403.01000 (r) 37.01960 (ele) 15.01590 (vant) -403.01900 (samples) -401.98400 (to) -403.01900 (be) -402.99200 (annotated\056) ] TJ T* [ (On) -388.98600 (this) -389.00700 (basis) -389.00400 (we) -388.98500 (pr) 44.98390 (opose) -389.01600 (an) -388.98400 (ef) 18 (fective) -388.98900 (active) -388.98700 (learning) -388.99600 (al\055) ] TJ T* [ (gorithm) -277.01300 (whic) 14.99870 (h) -277.98800 (learns) -276.98800 (the) -277.98500 (best) -277 (possible) -277.01500 (tar) 36.99140 (g) 10.00320 (et) -277.99000 <636c6173736902636174696f6e> ] TJ T* [ (model) -314.99000 (with) -313.99400 (minimum) -315.01200 (human) -314.98300 (labeling) -315.00900 (ef) 18 (fort\056) -504.00700 (Extensive) -314.99400 (e) 19.99180 (x\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (periments) -192.01600 (on) -191.99700 (two) -191.98100 (c) 15.01220 (hallenging) -191.99900 (datasets) -192.01000 (show) -192.01700 (the) -193.01900 (value) -192 (of) -191.99500 (our) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (appr) 44.99370 (oac) 14.98340 (h) -358.01400 (compar) 36.99380 (ed) -358.01700 (to) -356.98700 (the) -358.01100 (state\055of\055the\055art) -358.00900 (active) -358.01100 (learning) ] TJ T* [ (methodolo) 9.99711 (gies\054) -213.00700 (as) -203.99400 (well) -203.00200 (as) -203.99400 (its) -203.98400 (potential) -204 (to) -203.01300 (r) 37.01830 (euse) -204.00300 (past) -203.98300 (datasets) ] TJ T* [ (with) -250.00400 (minimal) -250 (ef) 18 (fort) -250.01100 (for) -250.01800 (futur) 37.00490 (e) -250.00200 (tasks\056) ] TJ /R30 11.95520 Tf 37.74300 TL T* [ (1\056) -249.99000 (Intr) 18.01460 (oduction) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95470 -19.55390 Td [ (Modern) -284.01300 (visual) -284.00500 (learning) -284.99400 (algorithms) -283.98300 (are) -284.00400 (founded) -284.01400 (on) -285.00100 (data\056) ] TJ -11.95470 -11.95510 Td [ (Gi) 24.98600 (v) 14.98280 (en) -192.98700 (a) -192.01100 (set) -193.01700 (of) -192.00600 (images) -193.00500 (annotated) -191.98600 (with) -193.00500 (the) -193.01900 (desired) -191.99500 (object) -193.01200 (cate\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (gories\054) -213.98500 (the) -205.99700 (algorithm) -206.00200 (learns) -205.01800 (models) -206.01300 (able) -206.00200 (to) -205.01200 (recognize\054) -215.01800 (detect) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (or) -216.98200 (describe) -217.01600 (unseen) -217.01000 (images\056) -298.98400 (Despite) -217.00300 (their) -217.01000 (importance\054) -224.01400 (image) ] TJ T* [ (datasets) -205.00600 (are) -204.99700 (assumed) -204.01900 (to) -205.01200 (be) -204.98400 (single\055use) -204.99500 (only\072) -286.98200 (whene) 24.98110 (v) 14.98280 (er) -204.99300 (an) -204.98500 (ob\055) ] TJ T* [ (ject) -207.99900 (of) -208.00300 (interest) -207.98400 (is) -207.01100 (not) -207.98700 (pre) 25.01300 (viously) -208.00300 (annotated) -207.98200 (we) -208.00700 (ur) 18 (ge) -208.00500 (for) -208.00700 (a) -208.00900 (ne) 25.01540 (w) ] TJ T* [ (collection) -288 (containing) -287.99200 (the) -287.98400 (precious) -288.01400 (label\056) -423.99500 (Isn\047) 18.00190 (t) -287.98400 (this) -288.00600 (a) -287.99600 (w) 10 (aste\055) ] TJ T* [ (ful) -287.00200 (approach\077) -420.00800 (T) 79.99030 (ak) 10 (e) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 80.92700 0 Td [ (Ima) 10.00320 (g) 10.00320 (eNet) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 41.57110 0 Td (\133) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 175.92800 173.60800 Tm (9) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 180.90900 173.60800 Tm [ (\135) -287.01500 (for) -287.01200 (e) 15.01220 (xample\056) -419.98600 (W) 39.99330 (ith) -286.99100 (about) ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf -130.79700 -11.95630 Td (15) Tj /R40 9.96260 Tf 9.96289 0 Td [ (M) -0.09986 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 14.17300 0 Td [ (images) -343.01900 (this) -343.99500 (huge) -342.99100 (collection) -343.99000 (contains) -343.01400 (much) -344.00400 (more) -342.99200 (in\055) ] TJ -24.13590 -11.95470 Td [ (formation) -293.99900 (than) -292.99800 (the) -293.98300 (of) 25.01670 <026369616c6c79> -293.99700 (listed) ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 140.56400 0 Td (22) Tj /R40 9.96260 Tf 9.96328 0 Td [ (K) -0.29897 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 12.10000 0 Td [ (synsets\056) -440.99000 (Ho) 24.98360 (we) 25.01300 (v) 14.98280 (er) 39.98600 (\054) ] TJ -162.62700 -11.95510 Td [ (most) -295.01800 (often) -295 (such) -294.01700 (e) 15.01220 (xisting) -295.00600 (kno) 24.99090 (wledge) -294.99900 (resources) -295.00700 (are) -294.98300 (ignored\054) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (because) -232.00200 (of) -231.99900 (no) -231.99100 (label) -231.98900 (o) 14.98280 (v) 14.98280 (erlap) -232 (with) -232.01800 (the) -231.01300 (future) -231.99300 (tasks) -231.98100 (at) -231.99800 (hand\054) -235.98800 (be) ] TJ T* [ (it) -249.98300 (for) -249.99900 <636c6173736902636174696f6e> -249.98900 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 130.08200 113.83200 Tm (10) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 140.04400 113.83200 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 143.83000 113.83200 Tm (13) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 153.79300 113.83200 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 157.57900 113.83200 Tm (29) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 167.54100 113.83200 Tm [ (\135) -250.00100 (or) -249.99600 (localization) -250.00200 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 236.43200 113.83200 Tm (16) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 246.39500 113.83200 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 250.18100 113.83200 Tm (31) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 260.14300 113.83200 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 263.92900 113.83200 Tm (33) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 273.89200 113.83200 Tm (\135\056) Tj -211.82500 -12.58090 Td [ (W) 79.98730 (e) -375.98100 (postulate) -375.98100 (that) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 75.18440 0 Td [ (no) -376.00600 (past) -375.99200 (knowledg) 9.99098 (e) -375.98100 (is) -374.98400 (useless) -375.99400 (for) -375.99900 (fu\055) ] TJ ET Q 3.98000 w 0 G 501.12100 904.14800 m 1446.11000 904.14800 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R42 5.97760 Tf 1 0 0 1 60.14100 83.81290 Tm [ <03> -0.90058 ] TJ /R32 7.97010 Tf 4.31680 -2.81289 Td [ (This) -249.99000 (w) 10.01290 (ork) -250.01600 (has) -250.01600 (been) -250.02000 (done) -249.99100 (while) -249.98400 (w) 10.01210 (orking) -249.98700 (at) -249.99300 (ESA) 111.01700 (T) 92.01870 (\055PSI\054) -249.99700 (KU) -249.97900 (Leuv) 15.00360 (en\056) ] TJ ET Q q 2126.04000 0 0 1419.23000 3206.75000 3984.46000 cm /R46 Do Q q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 308.86200 380.11500 Tm [ (Figure) -284.00700 (1\072) -378.00300 (Imagine) -284.01400 (b) 20.00160 (uilding) -283.99200 (a) -283.99700 (ne) 25.01540 (w) -283.98700 <636c61737369026572> -284.00700 (for) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 190.80100 0 Td (\223BMX\224) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 34.38130 0 Td (bi\055) Tj -225.18200 -11.95470 Td [ (c) 15.01220 (ycles\054) -342.98900 (a) -325.00900 (cate) 15.01220 (gory) -324.99200 (absent) -324.01000 (from) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 126.99500 0 Td [ (Ima) 10.00320 (g) 10.00320 (eNet) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 38.53520 0 Td [ (\056) -533.98400 (Rather) -324.99000 (than) -324.99000 (an\055) ] TJ -165.53000 -11.95510 Td [ (notating) -287.01300 (the) -285.98400 (cate) 15.01220 (gory) -286.99900 (from) -287.00100 (scratch\054) -295.98500 (we) -285.99100 (propose) -286.99100 (to) -287.00100 (le) 25.02030 (v) 14.98280 (erage) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (already) -224.00200 (a) 19.99180 (v) 24.98110 (ailable) -223.98700 (annotations) -223.99700 (for) -224.00200 (learning) -225.00200 (the) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 180.60800 0 Td (\223BMX\224) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 33.78400 0 Td (class\056) Tj -214.39200 -11.95510 Td [ (Through) -365.99300 (a) -365.00300 (theoretical) -366 (analysis) -365.00800 (of) -366.01700 (acti) 24.98110 (v) 14.98280 (e) -365.98300 (learning) -364.97800 (within) -365.98300 (a) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (max\055mar) 18.01170 (gin) -288.99300 (frame) 25.01300 (w) 10 (ork\054) -298.01900 (we) -289.01100 (present) -289 (the) -289 (optimal) -289.01100 (conditions) ] TJ T* [ (for) -250 (sampling) -249.99300 (ne) 25.01540 (w) -249.99500 (data) -249.99500 (to) -249.98500 (label) -249.98800 (using) -250.00700 (zero\055shot) -249.98300 (priors\056) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 22.53090 TL T* [ (tur) 36.99140 (e) -287.01600 (learning) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 52.30590 0 Td [ (\054) -297.00700 (e) 25.01050 (v) 14.98280 (en) -287.01100 (if) -287.00600 (it) -286.99600 (appears) -287.99100 (to) -287.00100 (be) -287.01100 (so\056) -421.99300 (The) -287.00600 (fundamental) ] TJ -52.30590 -11.95510 Td [ (question) -226.98400 (is) -227.98900 (ho) 24.98600 (w) -227.01800 (to) -227.00900 (reuse) -228.00100 (e) 15.01220 (xisti) 1.01454 (ng) -227.99100 (labels) -227.00600 (from) -227.01100 (gi) 24.98600 (v) 14.98280 (en) -228.00100 (datasets\054) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (without) -420.98900 (the) -420.98100 (need) -422.00600 (for) -420.99100 (ne) 25.01540 (w) -420.98400 (annotations\056) -824.01400 (Pre) 24.98110 (vious) -420.99800 (transfer) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (learning) -395.01500 (m) 0.99248 (ethods) -395.00800 (pro) 14.98520 (v) 14.98280 (ed) -394.99300 (to) -394.00300 (be) -394.99300 (helpful) -393.99300 (when) -394.98300 (at) -394.00800 (least) -394.98300 (fe) 25.00560 (w) ] TJ T* [ (annotated) -260.01300 (sam) 0.99493 (ples) -259.98100 (of) -259.99300 (the) -259.00800 (ne) 25.01540 (w) -259.99100 (tar) 17.99700 (get) -259.00600 (task) -259.98100 (are) -258.98600 (a) 19.99180 (v) 24.98110 (ailable) -259.98100 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.34400 238.03200 Tm (23) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 539.30700 238.03200 Tm (\135\056) Tj -230.44500 -11.95510 Td [ (Ho) 24.98360 (we) 25.01300 (v) 14.98280 (er) 39.98600 (\054) -202.98300 (the) 14.98520 (y) -192.00200 (were) -190.99800 (ne) 25.01540 (v) 14.98280 (er) -192.01700 (challenged) -191.01200 (with) -191.98300 (the) -191.01700 (more) -191.99700 (dif) 24.98600 <0263756c74> ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (acti) 24.98110 (v) 14.98280 (e) -214.98900 (learning) -215.00600 (setting\054) -222.00500 (where) -214.98900 (no) -215.01300 (initial) -214.98900 (labeled) -215.01300 (data) -215.01800 (is) -215.00800 (a) 19.99180 (v) 24.98110 (ail\055) ] TJ T* [ (able) -251.01400 (and) -251.01200 (the) -251.01000 (e) 15.01220 (xisting) -249.99500 (kno) 24.99090 (wledge) -251.00700 (from) -251.00700 (the) -251.00700 (source) -251.01200 (datasets) -250.99700 (is) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (most) -250.00700 (probably) -250.01200 (irrele) 25.01540 (v) 24.98110 (ant) -249.99000 (for) -249.99700 (the) -249.98800 (ne) 25.01540 (w) -249.99300 (task\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -13.56990 Td [ (W) 79.98660 (e) -517.99700 (are) -518.00400 (inspired) -516.98500 (by) -517.98200 (adv) 24.98110 (ances) -517.99200 (in) -518.02100 (zero\055shot) -518.01600 <636c617373690263612d> ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (tion) -480.99300 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 332.47300 164.68600 Tm (1) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.45500 164.68600 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 342.77500 164.68600 Tm (15) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 352.73700 164.68600 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 358.05700 164.68600 Tm (20) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 368.02000 164.68600 Tm [ (\135\056) -1003.01000 (Zero\055shot) -482.01800 (l) 0.98513 (earning) -481.98800 (w) 10.00320 (as) -481.01800 (originally) -481.01800 (pro\055) ] TJ -59.15740 -11.95470 Td [ (posed) -393.01500 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 339.33800 152.73100 Tm (15) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 349.30000 152.73100 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 354.03300 152.73100 Tm (27) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 363.99500 152.73100 Tm [ (\135) -392.99600 (as) -392.99100 (a) -392.99800 (strate) 14.98770 (gy) -392.00300 (to) -392.98300 (obtain) -393.00800 <636c6173736902657273> -393.00300 (for) -392.99300 (arbi\055) ] TJ -55.13320 -11.95510 Td [ (trary) 65.01120 (\054) -245.99600 (no) 14.98770 (v) 14.98280 (el) -243.99600 (cate) 15.01220 (gories\054) -246.02000 (when) -243.98900 (no) -243.98900 (annotated) -244.99800 (data) -243.99400 (is) -245.00300 (a) 19.99180 (v) 24.98110 (ailable\056) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (Dif) 24.98360 (ferently) -225.99200 (from) -227.01100 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 380.07500 128.82100 Tm (1) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 385.05600 128.82100 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 388.45400 128.82100 Tm (15) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 398.41600 128.82100 Tm [ (\135) -226.00400 (who) -225.98700 (depend) -227.01100 (on) -225.99200 (human\055pro) 15.00240 (vided) -227.00100 (at\055) ] TJ -89.55390 -11.95590 Td [ (trib) 20.01380 (ute) -253.98900 (annotations\054) -253.98900 (recent) -254.00200 (w) 10.00320 (orks) -253.00200 (demonstrate) -254.00700 (that) -253.00200 (label) -253.98700 (co\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (occurrences) -367.00500 (from) -366.98800 (image) -366.98300 (datasets) -367.01700 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 449.63400 104.91000 Tm (20) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 459.59600 104.91000 Tm [ (\135) -367.00200 (and) -366.99300 (te) 14.98280 (xtual) -367.01700 (embed\055) ] TJ -150.73400 -11.95510 Td [ (dings) -301.99900 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 336.77700 92.95510 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 346.74000 92.95510 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 350.87400 92.95510 Tm (22) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 360.83700 92.95510 Tm [ (\135) -301.99100 (can) -301.99100 (be) -301.98900 (used) -302.01800 (for) -301.98900 (reliable) -302.01800 (zero\055shot) -302.01300 <636c617373690263612d> ] TJ -51.97460 -11.95510 Td [ (tion) -260.01100 (models\056) -339.00700 (Here) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 74.69300 0 Td [ (we) -259.98600 (r) 37.01830 (e\055purpose) -260.01500 (zer) 44.98270 (o\055shot) -260.01100 (learning) -259.02100 (as) -259.98600 (pri\055) ] TJ ET Q Q Q q q 1 1 1 rg /a0 gs 48.40600 786.42200 515.18800 -52.69900 re f q /s5 gs /x6 Do Q q /s7 gs /x8 Do Q q /s9 gs /x10 Do Q q /s11 gs /x12 Do Q Q Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.40000 TL ET 1 1 1 rg n 270 32 72 14 re f* 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 rg BT /F2 9 Tf 10.80000 TL ET BT 1 0 0 1 297 35 Tm (2731) Tj T* ET Q endstream endobj 14 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources << /ExtGState << /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> >> /XObject << /x18 15 0 R >> >> /Length 28 /Group << /Type /Group /S /Transparency /CS /DeviceRGB /I true >> /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Type /XObject /Subtype /Form >> stream x+O4PH/VЯ0Pp 0 endstream endobj 15 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources 16 0 R /Length 107 /Type /XObject /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Subtype /Form >> stream xe AC̬wʠ =p,?]%+H-
Jc "82w8VSnGW;"
endstream
endobj
16 0 obj
<<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/SMask 18 0 R
/Filter /DCTDecode
/BitsPerComponent 8
/Height 1012
/Length 104615
/ColorSpace /DeviceRGB
/Width 1516
/Subtype /Image
>>
stream
Adobe d C
$, !$4.763.22:ASF:=N>22HbINVX]^]8EfmeZlS[]Y C**Y;2;YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY "
} !1AQa"q2#BR$3br
%&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz
w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr
$4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? (
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
( 5Q33*EbVyTV.)qKyy4V6(y6hj(^a+beآF(^a+beآF(^a+be/olQX{/0FLQ4V6(=Ecbj'SZu9(4
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
{kX|gHX[xr2zdbBdVdK