POPEN: Preference-Based Optimization and Ensemble for LVLM-Based Reasoning Segmentation

Lanyun Zhu, Tianrun Chen, Qianxiong Xu, Xuanyi Liu, Deyi Ji, Haiyang Wu, De Wen Soh, Jun Liu; Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference (CVPR), 2025, pp. 30231-30240

Existing LVLM-based reasoning segmentation methods often suffer from imprecise segmentation results and hallucinations in their text responses. This paper introduces POPEN, a novel framework designed to address these issues and achieve improved results. POPEN includes a preference-based optimization method to finetune the LVLM, aligning it more closely with human preferences and thereby generating better text responses and segmentation results. Additionally, POPEN introduces a preference-based ensemble method for inference, which integrates multiple outputs from the LVLM using a preference-score-based attention mechanism for refinement. To better adapt to the segmentation task, we incorporate several task-specific designs in our POPEN framework, including a new approach for collecting segmentation preference data with a curriculum learning mechanism, and a novel preference optimization loss to refine the segmentation capability of the LVLM. Experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in reasoning segmentation, exhibiting minimal hallucination in text responses and the highest segmentation accuracy compared to previous advanced methods like LISA and PixelLM.