@article{naskar2024deepfake,
  title={Deepfake detection using deep feature stacking and meta-learning},
  author={Naskar, Gourab and Mohiuddin, Sk and Malakar, Samir and Cuevas, Erik and Sarkar, Ram},
  journal={Heliyon},
  volume={10},
  number={4},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}



@inproceedings{das2023unmasking,
  title={Unmasking deepfakes: masked autoencoding spatiotemporal transformers for enhanced video forgery detection},
  author={Das, Sayantan and Kolahdouzi, Mojtaba and {\"O}zparlak, Levent and Hickie, Will and Etemad, Ali},
  booktitle={2023 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)},
  pages={1--11},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}



@article{he2024gazeforensics,
  title={GazeForensics: DeepFake detection via gaze-guided spatial inconsistency learning},
  author={He, Qinlin and Peng, Chunlei and Liu, Decheng and Wang, Nannan and Gao, Xinbo},
  journal={Neural Networks},
  volume={180},
  pages={106636},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}


@inproceedings{tan2024frequency,
  title={Frequency-aware deepfake detection: Improving generalizability through frequency space domain learning},
  author={Tan, Chuangchuang and Zhao, Yao and Wei, Shikui and Gu, Guanghua and Liu, Ping and Wei, Yunchao},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  volume={38},
  number={5},
  pages={5052--5060},
  year={2024}
}


@inproceedings{jeong2022frepgan,
  title={Frepgan: robust deepfake detection using frequency-level perturbations},
  author={Jeong, Yonghyun and Kim, Doyeon and Ro, Youngmin and Choi, Jongwon},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence},
  volume={36},
  number={1},
  pages={1060--1068},
  year={2022}
}


@article{hasanaath2025fsbi,
  title={FSBI: Deepfake detection with frequency enhanced self-blended images},
  author={Hasanaath, Ahmed Abul and Luqman, Hamzah and Katib, Raed and Anwar, Saeed},
  journal={Image and Vision Computing},
  pages={105418},
  year={2025},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}


@inproceedings{agarwal2021md,
  title={MD-CSDNetwork: Multi-domain cross stitched network for deepfake detection},
  author={Agarwal, Aayushi and Agarwal, Akshay and Sinha, Sayan and Vatsa, Mayank and Singh, Richa},
  booktitle={2021 16th IEEE international conference on automatic face and gesture recognition (FG 2021)},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}



@article{kohli2021detecting,
  title={Detecting deepfake, faceswap and face2face facial forgeries using frequency cnn},
  author={Kohli, Aditi and Gupta, Abhinav},
  journal={Multimedia Tools and Applications},
  volume={80},
  number={12},
  pages={18461--18478},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Springer}
}


@inproceedings{frank2020leveraging,
  title={Leveraging frequency analysis for deep fake image recognition},
  author={Frank, Joel and Eisenhofer, Thorsten and Sch{\"o}nherr, Lea and Fischer, Asja and Kolossa, Dorothea and Holz, Thorsten},
  booktitle={International conference on machine learning},
  pages={3247--3258},
  year={2020},
  organization={PMLR}
}



@article{nguyen2022deep,
  title={Deep learning for deepfakes creation and detection: A survey},
  author={Nguyen, Thanh Thi and Nguyen, Quoc Viet Hung and Nguyen, Dung Tien and Nguyen, Duc Thanh and Huynh-The, Thien and Nahavandi, Saeid and Nguyen, Thanh Tam and Pham, Quoc-Viet and Nguyen, Cuong M},
  journal={Computer Vision and Image Understanding},
  volume={223},
  pages={103525},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}



@inproceedings{zhang2020deep,
  title={Deep learning in face synthesis: a survey on deepfakes},
  author={Zhang, Teng and Deng, Lirui and Zhang, Liang and Dang, Xianglei},
  booktitle={2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering Technology (CCET)},
  pages={67--70},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}


@article{fernando2025face,
  title={Face Deepfakes-A Comprehensive Review},
  author={Fernando, Tharindu and Priyasad, Darshana and Sridharan, Sridha and Ross, Arun and Fookes, Clinton},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.09812},
  year={2025}
}

@article{pei2024deepfake,
  title={Deepfake generation and detection: A benchmark and survey},
  author={Pei, Gan and Zhang, Jiangning and Hu, Menghan and Zhang, Zhenyu and Wang, Chengjie and Wu, Yunsheng and Zhai, Guangtao and Yang, Jian and Shen, Chunhua and Tao, Dacheng},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.17881},
  year={2024}
}


@article{masood2023deepfakes,
  title={Deepfakes generation and detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forward},
  author={Masood, Momina and Nawaz, Mariam and Malik, Khalid Mahmood and Javed, Ali and Irtaza, Aun and Malik, Hafiz},
  journal={Applied intelligence},
  volume={53},
  number={4},
  pages={3974--4026},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Springer}
}


@misc{hancock2021social,
  title={The social impact of deepfakes},
  author={Hancock, Jeffrey T and Bailenson, Jeremy N},
  journal={Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking},
  volume={24},
  number={3},
  pages={149--152},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New~…}
}


@article{al2023impact,
  title={Impact of deepfake technology on social media: Detection, misinformation and societal implications},
  author={Al-Khazraji, Samer H and Saleh, Hassan Hadi and Khalid, Adil I and Mishkhal, Israa Adnan},
  journal={The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics},
  volume={23},
  pages={429--441},
  year={2023},
  publisher={ISRES Publishing}
}

@article{astrid2025audio,
  title={Audio-visual Deepfake Detection With Local Temporal Inconsistencies},
  author={Astrid, Marcella and Ghorbel, Enjie and Aouada, Djamila},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.08137},
  year={2025}
}


@article{usmani2025spatio,
  title={Spatio-temporal knowledge distilled video vision transformer (STKD-VViT) for multimodal deepfake detection},
  author={Usmani, Shaheen and Kumar, Sunil and Sadhya, Debanjan},
  journal={Neurocomputing},
  volume={620},
  pages={129256},
  year={2025},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}


@article{yang2023avoid,
  title={Avoid-df: Audio-visual joint learning for detecting deepfake},
  author={Yang, Wenyuan and Zhou, Xiaoyu and Chen, Zhikai and Guo, Bofei and Ba, Zhongjie and Xia, Zhihua and Cao, Xiaochun and Ren, Kui},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security},
  volume={18},
  pages={2015--2029},
  year={2023},
  publisher={IEEE}
}



@article{kaur2020deepfakes,
  title={Deepfakes: temporal sequential analysis to detect face-swapped video clips using convolutional long short-term memory},
  author={Kaur, Sawinder and Kumar, Parteek and Kumaraguru, Ponnurangam},
  journal={Journal of electronic imaging},
  volume={29},
  number={3},
  pages={033013},
  year={2020},
  publisher={SPIE}
}


@article{thies2019face2face,
  title={Face2Face: Real-time facial reenactment},
  author={Thies, Justus},
  journal={it-Information Technology},
  volume={61},
  number={2-3},
  pages={143--146},
  year={2019},
  publisher={De Gruyter Oldenbourg}
}


@article{li2019faceshifter,
  title={Faceshifter: Towards high fidelity and occlusion aware face swapping},
  author={Li, Lingzhi and Bao, Jianmin and Yang, Hao and Chen, Dong and Wen, Fang},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.13457},
  year={2019}
}

@inproceedings{nirkin2019fsgan,
  title={Fsgan: Subject agnostic face swapping and reenactment},
  author={Nirkin, Yuval and Keller, Yosi and Hassner, Tal},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision},
  pages={7184--7193},
  year={2019}
}


@article{thies2019deferred,
  title={Deferred neural rendering: Image synthesis using neural textures},
  author={Thies, Justus and Zollh{\"o}fer, Michael and Nie{\ss}ner, Matthias},
  journal={Acm Transactions on Graphics (TOG)},
  volume={38},
  number={4},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2019},
  publisher={ACM New York, NY, USA}
}


@inproceedings{rossler2019faceforensics++,
  title={Faceforensics++: Learning to detect manipulated facial images},
  author={Rossler, Andreas and Cozzolino, Davide and Verdoliva, Luisa and Riess, Christian and Thies, Justus and Nie{\ss}ner, Matthias},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision},
  pages={1--11},
  year={2019}
}


@article{li2019celeb,
  title={Celeb-df (v2): a new dataset for deepfake forensics [j]},
  author={Li, Yuezun and Yang, Xin and Sun, Pu and Qi, Honggang and Lyu, Siwei},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv},
  year={2019}
}

@article{khormali2021add,
  title={Add: Attention-based deepfake detection approach},
  author={Khormali, Aminollah and Yuan, Jiann-Shiun},
  journal={Big Data and Cognitive Computing},
  volume={5},
  number={4},
  pages={49},
  year={2021},
  publisher={MDPI}
}


@article{ganguly2022visual,
  title={Visual attention-based deepfake video forgery detection},
  author={Ganguly, Shreyan and Mohiuddin, Sk and Malakar, Samir and Cuevas, Erik and Sarkar, Ram},
  journal={Pattern Analysis and Applications},
  volume={25},
  number={4},
  pages={981--992},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{omar2024ensemble,
  title={An ensemble of CNNs with self-attention mechanism for DeepFake video detection},
  author={Omar, Karima and Sakr, Rasha H and Alrahmawy, Mohammed F},
  journal={Neural Computing and Applications},
  volume={36},
  number={6},
  pages={2749--2765},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@incollection{roy20223d,
  title={3D CNN architectures and attention mechanisms for deepfake detection},
  author={Roy, Ritaban and Joshi, Indu and Das, Abhijit and Dantcheva, Antitza},
  booktitle={Handbook of Digital Face Manipulation and Detection: From DeepFakes to Morphing Attacks},
  pages={213--234},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Springer International Publishing Cham}
}

@article{patel2023improved,
  title={An improved dense CNN architecture for deepfake image detection},
  author={Patel, Yogesh and Tanwar, Sudeep and Bhattacharya, Pronaya and Gupta, Rajesh and Alsuwian, Turki and Davidson, Innocent Ewean and Mazibuko, Thokozile F},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={11},
  pages={22081--22095},
  year={2023},
  publisher={IEEE}
}


@article{deng2022deepfake,
  title={Deepfake Video Detection Based on EfficientNet-V2 Network},
  author={Deng, Liwei and Suo, Hongfei and Li, Dongjie},
  journal={Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience},
  volume={2022},
  number={1},
  pages={3441549},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

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  booktitle={2015 8th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP)},
  pages={819--823},
  year={2015},
  organization={IEEE}
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