{"id": "a4_chart_1", "prompt": "Context: For American women, job opportunities look much different than they did 50 years ago. Women have made gains in labor force participation and wages, and they\u2019ve increased their presence in the highest-paying jobs. Some of that progress has stalled in recent years, however, and large gender gaps persist at the top levels of government and business leadership.\nAhead of Women\u2019s History Month, here\u2019s a look at some of these trends and data points, based on Pew Research Center surveys and analyses as well as federal data.\nPew Research Center conducted this analysis ahead of Women\u2019s History Month to better understand the gains women have experienced and the gaps that persist in the U.S. labor force, including in top government and business leadership positions.\nLabor force data comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau\u2019s Current Population Survey. The civilian labor force includes those who are either employed or actively looking for work.\nMore information about the Center analyses and surveys, including their methodologies, can be found at the links in the text.\nWomen made up 47% of the U.S. civilian labor force in 2023, up from 30% in 1950 \u2013 but growth has stagnated, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data shows. The share of women in the labor force generally grew throughout the second half of the 20th century but has since leveled off.\nThe BLS projects that women will continue to make up\u00a0slightly less than half of the labor force through 2032.\nWomen outnumber men in the U.S. college-educated workforce, now making up 51% of those ages 25 and older, according to Current Population Survey data from the fourth quarter of 2023. Women first surpassed men in the college-educated labor force in the fourth quarter of 2019. They remained more than half of this group through the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a sharp recession and an overall decline in the size of the nation\u2019s labor force.\nThe gender shift in the college-educated labor force happened about four decades after\u00a0women overtook men\u00a0in the number of adults earning a bachelor\u2019s degree each year.\nAbout a third of workers in the country\u2019s 10 highest-paying occupations (35%) are women \u2013 up from 13% in 1980, a November 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data shows. Women have increased their presence in almost all of these high-paying jobs. Workers in these occupations typically earn more than $100,000 a year and include physicians, lawyers and dentists.\nDespite these gains, women are still the minority in nine of these jobs. Pharmacists are the exception: 61% are women. The share of women in the other nine occupations remains well below their share in the U.S. workforce overall.\n[Chart] <chart>\nThe share of women in opposite-sex marriages who earn as much as or more than their husband has roughly tripled over the past 50 years, according to a spring 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data. In 2022, women were the sole or primary breadwinner in 16% of opposite-sex marriages, up from 5% in 1972. Husbands and wives are roughly equal contributors in 29% of marriages today, compared with 11% in 1972.\nLooked at another way, husbands were the breadwinner in 85% of marriages 50 years ago. That has dropped to 55% of marriages today.\nThe gender pay gap \u2013 the difference between the median earnings of men and women \u2013 has remained relatively flat in the United States over the past two decades, according to an analysis of hourly earnings of full- and part-time workers. In 2022, U.S. women typically earned 82 cents for every dollar men earned. That was about the same as in 2002, when women earned 80 cents to the dollar.\nWhen asked about the factors that may play a role in the gender wage gap, half of U.S. adults point to employers treating women differently as a major reason, an October 2022 survey shows. Smaller shares point to women making different choices about how to balance work and family (42%) and working in jobs that pay less (34%).\nWomen are much more likely than men (61% vs. 37%) to say a major reason for the gap is that employers treat women differently.\nWomen still lag in top leadership positions in business and government. Women have made inroads in a\u00a0wide range of leadership positions\u00a0in recent decades, but have not reached parity with their male counterparts in most cases. As of September 2023:\nFederal and state legislators: 28% of U.S. congressional members and about a third of state legislators are women.\nGovernors: 8 Democratic and four Republican women serve as governors.\nPresidential Cabinet: President Joe Biden\u2019s Cabinet is a rare example of gender parity in government leadership. Of 25 Cabinet or Cabinet-level positions, 12 are held by women (48%).\nExecutive business leadership: 11% of Fortune 500 company CEOs are women, along with 30% of Fortune 500 board members.\nSlim majorities of Americans say there are too few women in top political offices and executive business positions, a July 2023 survey shows. When it comes to the number of women elected to political office, 53% of adults say there are too few, 8% say there are too many, and 37% say it is about right. Views of women in business leadership are similar: 55% of adults say there are too few women in these roles, 6% say there are too many, and 37% say there are about the right number.\nIn both cases, Americans cite the same top reasons why there are fewer women than men in these roles: that women have to do more to prove themselves than men, and that women in each field face gender discrimination.\nThe public is divided over whether being a woman makes it more difficult to get ahead, according to an April 2023 survey. Half of Americans say that being a woman hurts a person\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S., while 24% say it helps, and 25% say it neither helps nor hurts.\nWomen are more likely than men to say being a woman hurts one\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S. (58% vs. 40%).\nThese divisions also exist in views of women\u2019s standing in the workplace. A February 2023 survey found that 28% of employed adults say that being a woman makes it a little or a lot harder to be successful where they work, while just 11% say it makes things easier. Another 49% say being a woman makes things neither easier nor harder.\nWomen are more likely than men to say that being a woman makes it at least a little harder to be successful in their workplace (34% vs. 21%).\nNote: This is an update of a post originally published on March 15, 2018.\n\nQuestion: What is the percentage of women in the field of law and how has it changed since 1980?\nAnswer the question with detailed explanation using the context that may include image, chart and text.", "pred": "In 2023, women made up 51% of the U.S. college-educated workforce, and in the field of law, they account for 35% of workers, which is a slight decrease from 1980 when they constituted 38% of lawyers, according to the text. This information highlights a small decline in the percentage of women in the legal field over the past few decades, despite the overall growth in the percentage of women in the U.S. workforce.", "gold": "In the field of law, the percentage of women has increased from 14% in 1980 to 40% in 2021. This information is derived from the bar chart where the two percentages are displayed adjacent to the occupation \"Lawyers\".", "answer_id": "iZKTqpVGJdPYnwxeSTWvBe", "model_id": "vicuna-7b-v1.5-v4-v6_1-ict-qa-interleaved_wo_aug-3epoch-2k", "metadata": {}}
{"id": "a4_chart_2", "prompt": "Context: For American women, job opportunities look much different than they did 50 years ago. Women have made gains in labor force participation and wages, and they\u2019ve increased their presence in the highest-paying jobs. Some of that progress has stalled in recent years, however, and large gender gaps persist at the top levels of government and business leadership.\nAhead of Women\u2019s History Month, here\u2019s a look at some of these trends and data points, based on Pew Research Center surveys and analyses as well as federal data.\nPew Research Center conducted this analysis ahead of Women\u2019s History Month to better understand the gains women have experienced and the gaps that persist in the U.S. labor force, including in top government and business leadership positions.\nLabor force data comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau\u2019s Current Population Survey. The civilian labor force includes those who are either employed or actively looking for work.\nMore information about the Center analyses and surveys, including their methodologies, can be found at the links in the text.\nWomen made up 47% of the U.S. civilian labor force in 2023, up from 30% in 1950 \u2013 but growth has stagnated, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data shows. The share of women in the labor force generally grew throughout the second half of the 20th century but has since leveled off.\nThe BLS projects that women will continue to make up\u00a0slightly less than half of the labor force through 2032.\nWomen outnumber men in the U.S. college-educated workforce, now making up 51% of those ages 25 and older, according to Current Population Survey data from the fourth quarter of 2023. Women first surpassed men in the college-educated labor force in the fourth quarter of 2019. They remained more than half of this group through the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a sharp recession and an overall decline in the size of the nation\u2019s labor force.\nThe gender shift in the college-educated labor force happened about four decades after\u00a0women overtook men\u00a0in the number of adults earning a bachelor\u2019s degree each year.\nAbout a third of workers in the country\u2019s 10 highest-paying occupations (35%) are women \u2013 up from 13% in 1980, a November 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data shows. Women have increased their presence in almost all of these high-paying jobs. Workers in these occupations typically earn more than $100,000 a year and include physicians, lawyers and dentists.\nDespite these gains, women are still the minority in nine of these jobs. Pharmacists are the exception: 61% are women. The share of women in the other nine occupations remains well below their share in the U.S. workforce overall.\n[Chart] <chart>\nThe share of women in opposite-sex marriages who earn as much as or more than their husband has roughly tripled over the past 50 years, according to a spring 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data. In 2022, women were the sole or primary breadwinner in 16% of opposite-sex marriages, up from 5% in 1972. Husbands and wives are roughly equal contributors in 29% of marriages today, compared with 11% in 1972.\nLooked at another way, husbands were the breadwinner in 85% of marriages 50 years ago. That has dropped to 55% of marriages today.\nThe gender pay gap \u2013 the difference between the median earnings of men and women \u2013 has remained relatively flat in the United States over the past two decades, according to an analysis of hourly earnings of full- and part-time workers. In 2022, U.S. women typically earned 82 cents for every dollar men earned. That was about the same as in 2002, when women earned 80 cents to the dollar.\nWhen asked about the factors that may play a role in the gender wage gap, half of U.S. adults point to employers treating women differently as a major reason, an October 2022 survey shows. Smaller shares point to women making different choices about how to balance work and family (42%) and working in jobs that pay less (34%).\nWomen are much more likely than men (61% vs. 37%) to say a major reason for the gap is that employers treat women differently.\nWomen still lag in top leadership positions in business and government. Women have made inroads in a\u00a0wide range of leadership positions\u00a0in recent decades, but have not reached parity with their male counterparts in most cases. As of September 2023:\nFederal and state legislators: 28% of U.S. congressional members and about a third of state legislators are women.\nGovernors: 8 Democratic and four Republican women serve as governors.\nPresidential Cabinet: President Joe Biden\u2019s Cabinet is a rare example of gender parity in government leadership. Of 25 Cabinet or Cabinet-level positions, 12 are held by women (48%).\nExecutive business leadership: 11% of Fortune 500 company CEOs are women, along with 30% of Fortune 500 board members.\nSlim majorities of Americans say there are too few women in top political offices and executive business positions, a July 2023 survey shows. When it comes to the number of women elected to political office, 53% of adults say there are too few, 8% say there are too many, and 37% say it is about right. Views of women in business leadership are similar: 55% of adults say there are too few women in these roles, 6% say there are too many, and 37% say there are about the right number.\nIn both cases, Americans cite the same top reasons why there are fewer women than men in these roles: that women have to do more to prove themselves than men, and that women in each field face gender discrimination.\nThe public is divided over whether being a woman makes it more difficult to get ahead, according to an April 2023 survey. Half of Americans say that being a woman hurts a person\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S., while 24% say it helps, and 25% say it neither helps nor hurts.\nWomen are more likely than men to say being a woman hurts one\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S. (58% vs. 40%).\nThese divisions also exist in views of women\u2019s standing in the workplace. A February 2023 survey found that 28% of employed adults say that being a woman makes it a little or a lot harder to be successful where they work, while just 11% say it makes things easier. Another 49% say being a woman makes things neither easier nor harder.\nWomen are more likely than men to say that being a woman makes it at least a little harder to be successful in their workplace (34% vs. 21%).\nNote: This is an update of a post originally published on March 15, 2018.\n\nQuestion: How does the representation of women in the pharmacy profession compare to their representation in the field of dentistry in 2021?\nAnswer the question with detailed explanation using the context that may include image, chart and text.", "pred": "In 2021, women constituted 75% of the pharmacy workforce, which is significantly higher than the 33% representation in the field of dentistry, according to the chart.", "gold": "In 2021, women are predominantly represented in the pharmacy profession with 61% compared to dentistry where they make up 33%. The comparison can be made using the chart that clearly shows the proportion of women within each field for the year 2021 with green bars.", "answer_id": "3KZ7u2NhGuZAb24jnGwk3H", "model_id": "vicuna-7b-v1.5-v4-v6_1-ict-qa-interleaved_wo_aug-3epoch-2k", "metadata": {}}
{"id": "a4_chart_3", "prompt": "Context: For American women, job opportunities look much different than they did 50 years ago. Women have made gains in labor force participation and wages, and they\u2019ve increased their presence in the highest-paying jobs. Some of that progress has stalled in recent years, however, and large gender gaps persist at the top levels of government and business leadership.\nAhead of Women\u2019s History Month, here\u2019s a look at some of these trends and data points, based on Pew Research Center surveys and analyses as well as federal data.\nPew Research Center conducted this analysis ahead of Women\u2019s History Month to better understand the gains women have experienced and the gaps that persist in the U.S. labor force, including in top government and business leadership positions.\nLabor force data comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau\u2019s Current Population Survey. The civilian labor force includes those who are either employed or actively looking for work.\nMore information about the Center analyses and surveys, including their methodologies, can be found at the links in the text.\nWomen made up 47% of the U.S. civilian labor force in 2023, up from 30% in 1950 \u2013 but growth has stagnated, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data shows. The share of women in the labor force generally grew throughout the second half of the 20th century but has since leveled off.\nThe BLS projects that women will continue to make up\u00a0slightly less than half of the labor force through 2032.\nWomen outnumber men in the U.S. college-educated workforce, now making up 51% of those ages 25 and older, according to Current Population Survey data from the fourth quarter of 2023. Women first surpassed men in the college-educated labor force in the fourth quarter of 2019. They remained more than half of this group through the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a sharp recession and an overall decline in the size of the nation\u2019s labor force.\nThe gender shift in the college-educated labor force happened about four decades after\u00a0women overtook men\u00a0in the number of adults earning a bachelor\u2019s degree each year.\nAbout a third of workers in the country\u2019s 10 highest-paying occupations (35%) are women \u2013 up from 13% in 1980, a November 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data shows. Women have increased their presence in almost all of these high-paying jobs. Workers in these occupations typically earn more than $100,000 a year and include physicians, lawyers and dentists.\nDespite these gains, women are still the minority in nine of these jobs. Pharmacists are the exception: 61% are women. The share of women in the other nine occupations remains well below their share in the U.S. workforce overall.\n[Chart] <chart>\nThe share of women in opposite-sex marriages who earn as much as or more than their husband has roughly tripled over the past 50 years, according to a spring 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data. In 2022, women were the sole or primary breadwinner in 16% of opposite-sex marriages, up from 5% in 1972. Husbands and wives are roughly equal contributors in 29% of marriages today, compared with 11% in 1972.\nLooked at another way, husbands were the breadwinner in 85% of marriages 50 years ago. That has dropped to 55% of marriages today.\nThe gender pay gap \u2013 the difference between the median earnings of men and women \u2013 has remained relatively flat in the United States over the past two decades, according to an analysis of hourly earnings of full- and part-time workers. In 2022, U.S. women typically earned 82 cents for every dollar men earned. That was about the same as in 2002, when women earned 80 cents to the dollar.\nWhen asked about the factors that may play a role in the gender wage gap, half of U.S. adults point to employers treating women differently as a major reason, an October 2022 survey shows. Smaller shares point to women making different choices about how to balance work and family (42%) and working in jobs that pay less (34%).\nWomen are much more likely than men (61% vs. 37%) to say a major reason for the gap is that employers treat women differently.\nWomen still lag in top leadership positions in business and government. Women have made inroads in a\u00a0wide range of leadership positions\u00a0in recent decades, but have not reached parity with their male counterparts in most cases. As of September 2023:\nFederal and state legislators: 28% of U.S. congressional members and about a third of state legislators are women.\nGovernors: 8 Democratic and four Republican women serve as governors.\nPresidential Cabinet: President Joe Biden\u2019s Cabinet is a rare example of gender parity in government leadership. Of 25 Cabinet or Cabinet-level positions, 12 are held by women (48%).\nExecutive business leadership: 11% of Fortune 500 company CEOs are women, along with 30% of Fortune 500 board members.\nSlim majorities of Americans say there are too few women in top political offices and executive business positions, a July 2023 survey shows. When it comes to the number of women elected to political office, 53% of adults say there are too few, 8% say there are too many, and 37% say it is about right. Views of women in business leadership are similar: 55% of adults say there are too few women in these roles, 6% say there are too many, and 37% say there are about the right number.\nIn both cases, Americans cite the same top reasons why there are fewer women than men in these roles: that women have to do more to prove themselves than men, and that women in each field face gender discrimination.\nThe public is divided over whether being a woman makes it more difficult to get ahead, according to an April 2023 survey. Half of Americans say that being a woman hurts a person\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S., while 24% say it helps, and 25% say it neither helps nor hurts.\nWomen are more likely than men to say being a woman hurts one\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S. (58% vs. 40%).\nThese divisions also exist in views of women\u2019s standing in the workplace. A February 2023 survey found that 28% of employed adults say that being a woman makes it a little or a lot harder to be successful where they work, while just 11% say it makes things easier. Another 49% say being a woman makes things neither easier nor harder.\nWomen are more likely than men to say that being a woman makes it at least a little harder to be successful in their workplace (34% vs. 21%).\nNote: This is an update of a post originally published on March 15, 2018.\n\nQuestion: Why is the chart included in the document discussing gender gains and gaps in the U.S.?\nAnswer the question with detailed explanation using the context that may include image, chart and text.", "pred": "The chart is included in the document to visually represent and quantify the progress of women's presence and earnings in the highest-paying occupations over time, illustrating the gender gains and highlighting the remaining gaps. It provides empirical data to support the text's discussion of how women's representation and earnings have changed since 1980, particularly in relation to the overall median earnings in 2021, which is a key point of comparison.", "gold": "The chart is included in the document to illustrate the specific changes in the representation of women across the 10 highest-paying occupations in the U.S. between 1980 and 2021. This visual representation supports the context of the document by showing both the gains women have made in professional fields and the existing gaps, correlating with the analysis described in the text regarding the shifts in employment and earning patterns for women over the years.", "answer_id": "PzdSG86MsqoqXLMri33JDC", "model_id": "vicuna-7b-v1.5-v4-v6_1-ict-qa-interleaved_wo_aug-3epoch-2k", "metadata": {}}
{"id": "a4_text_1", "prompt": "Context: For American women, job opportunities look much different than they did 50 years ago. Women have made gains in labor force participation and wages, and they\u2019ve increased their presence in the highest-paying jobs. Some of that progress has stalled in recent years, however, and large gender gaps persist at the top levels of government and business leadership.\nAhead of Women\u2019s History Month, here\u2019s a look at some of these trends and data points, based on Pew Research Center surveys and analyses as well as federal data.\nPew Research Center conducted this analysis ahead of Women\u2019s History Month to better understand the gains women have experienced and the gaps that persist in the U.S. labor force, including in top government and business leadership positions.\nLabor force data comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau\u2019s Current Population Survey. The civilian labor force includes those who are either employed or actively looking for work.\nMore information about the Center analyses and surveys, including their methodologies, can be found at the links in the text.\nWomen made up 47% of the U.S. civilian labor force in 2023, up from 30% in 1950 \u2013 but growth has stagnated, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data shows. The share of women in the labor force generally grew throughout the second half of the 20th century but has since leveled off.\nThe BLS projects that women will continue to make up\u00a0slightly less than half of the labor force through 2032.\nWomen outnumber men in the U.S. college-educated workforce, now making up 51% of those ages 25 and older, according to Current Population Survey data from the fourth quarter of 2023. Women first surpassed men in the college-educated labor force in the fourth quarter of 2019. They remained more than half of this group through the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a sharp recession and an overall decline in the size of the nation\u2019s labor force.\nThe gender shift in the college-educated labor force happened about four decades after\u00a0women overtook men\u00a0in the number of adults earning a bachelor\u2019s degree each year.\nAbout a third of workers in the country\u2019s 10 highest-paying occupations (35%) are women \u2013 up from 13% in 1980, a November 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data shows. Women have increased their presence in almost all of these high-paying jobs. Workers in these occupations typically earn more than $100,000 a year and include physicians, lawyers and dentists.\nDespite these gains, women are still the minority in nine of these jobs. Pharmacists are the exception: 61% are women. The share of women in the other nine occupations remains well below their share in the U.S. workforce overall.\n[Chart] <chart>\nThe share of women in opposite-sex marriages who earn as much as or more than their husband has roughly tripled over the past 50 years, according to a spring 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data. In 2022, women were the sole or primary breadwinner in 16% of opposite-sex marriages, up from 5% in 1972. Husbands and wives are roughly equal contributors in 29% of marriages today, compared with 11% in 1972.\nLooked at another way, husbands were the breadwinner in 85% of marriages 50 years ago. That has dropped to 55% of marriages today.\nThe gender pay gap \u2013 the difference between the median earnings of men and women \u2013 has remained relatively flat in the United States over the past two decades, according to an analysis of hourly earnings of full- and part-time workers. In 2022, U.S. women typically earned 82 cents for every dollar men earned. That was about the same as in 2002, when women earned 80 cents to the dollar.\nWhen asked about the factors that may play a role in the gender wage gap, half of U.S. adults point to employers treating women differently as a major reason, an October 2022 survey shows. Smaller shares point to women making different choices about how to balance work and family (42%) and working in jobs that pay less (34%).\nWomen are much more likely than men (61% vs. 37%) to say a major reason for the gap is that employers treat women differently.\nWomen still lag in top leadership positions in business and government. Women have made inroads in a\u00a0wide range of leadership positions\u00a0in recent decades, but have not reached parity with their male counterparts in most cases. As of September 2023:\nFederal and state legislators: 28% of U.S. congressional members and about a third of state legislators are women.\nGovernors: 8 Democratic and four Republican women serve as governors.\nPresidential Cabinet: President Joe Biden\u2019s Cabinet is a rare example of gender parity in government leadership. Of 25 Cabinet or Cabinet-level positions, 12 are held by women (48%).\nExecutive business leadership: 11% of Fortune 500 company CEOs are women, along with 30% of Fortune 500 board members.\nSlim majorities of Americans say there are too few women in top political offices and executive business positions, a July 2023 survey shows. When it comes to the number of women elected to political office, 53% of adults say there are too few, 8% say there are too many, and 37% say it is about right. Views of women in business leadership are similar: 55% of adults say there are too few women in these roles, 6% say there are too many, and 37% say there are about the right number.\nIn both cases, Americans cite the same top reasons why there are fewer women than men in these roles: that women have to do more to prove themselves than men, and that women in each field face gender discrimination.\nThe public is divided over whether being a woman makes it more difficult to get ahead, according to an April 2023 survey. Half of Americans say that being a woman hurts a person\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S., while 24% say it helps, and 25% say it neither helps nor hurts.\nWomen are more likely than men to say being a woman hurts one\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S. (58% vs. 40%).\nThese divisions also exist in views of women\u2019s standing in the workplace. A February 2023 survey found that 28% of employed adults say that being a woman makes it a little or a lot harder to be successful where they work, while just 11% say it makes things easier. Another 49% say being a woman makes things neither easier nor harder.\nWomen are more likely than men to say that being a woman makes it at least a little harder to be successful in their workplace (34% vs. 21%).\nNote: This is an update of a post originally published on March 15, 2018.\n\nQuestion: What percentage of the U.S. civilian labor force did women make up in 2023, and how does this compare to their representation in 1950?\nAnswer the question with detailed explanation using the context that may include image, chart and text.", "pred": "In 2023, women made up 47% of the U.S. civilian labor force, which is a significant increase from 1950 when they made up 30% of the labor force. This information highlights the progress women have made in terms of labor force participation over the past several decades, as detailed in the text.", "gold": "In 2023, women made up 47% of the U.S. civilian labor force, which is a significant increase from the 30% representation they had in 1950. This data, derived from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, highlights the growth in women's labor force participation over the latter half of the 20th century, although it also indicates that this growth has stagnated in recent years.", "answer_id": "PjfKHgP3RcpNVtrJWWPBn5", "model_id": "vicuna-7b-v1.5-v4-v6_1-ict-qa-interleaved_wo_aug-3epoch-2k", "metadata": {}}
{"id": "a4_text_2", "prompt": "Context: For American women, job opportunities look much different than they did 50 years ago. Women have made gains in labor force participation and wages, and they\u2019ve increased their presence in the highest-paying jobs. Some of that progress has stalled in recent years, however, and large gender gaps persist at the top levels of government and business leadership.\nAhead of Women\u2019s History Month, here\u2019s a look at some of these trends and data points, based on Pew Research Center surveys and analyses as well as federal data.\nPew Research Center conducted this analysis ahead of Women\u2019s History Month to better understand the gains women have experienced and the gaps that persist in the U.S. labor force, including in top government and business leadership positions.\nLabor force data comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau\u2019s Current Population Survey. The civilian labor force includes those who are either employed or actively looking for work.\nMore information about the Center analyses and surveys, including their methodologies, can be found at the links in the text.\nWomen made up 47% of the U.S. civilian labor force in 2023, up from 30% in 1950 \u2013 but growth has stagnated, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data shows. The share of women in the labor force generally grew throughout the second half of the 20th century but has since leveled off.\nThe BLS projects that women will continue to make up\u00a0slightly less than half of the labor force through 2032.\nWomen outnumber men in the U.S. college-educated workforce, now making up 51% of those ages 25 and older, according to Current Population Survey data from the fourth quarter of 2023. Women first surpassed men in the college-educated labor force in the fourth quarter of 2019. They remained more than half of this group through the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a sharp recession and an overall decline in the size of the nation\u2019s labor force.\nThe gender shift in the college-educated labor force happened about four decades after\u00a0women overtook men\u00a0in the number of adults earning a bachelor\u2019s degree each year.\nAbout a third of workers in the country\u2019s 10 highest-paying occupations (35%) are women \u2013 up from 13% in 1980, a November 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data shows. Women have increased their presence in almost all of these high-paying jobs. Workers in these occupations typically earn more than $100,000 a year and include physicians, lawyers and dentists.\nDespite these gains, women are still the minority in nine of these jobs. Pharmacists are the exception: 61% are women. The share of women in the other nine occupations remains well below their share in the U.S. workforce overall.\n[Chart] <chart>\nThe share of women in opposite-sex marriages who earn as much as or more than their husband has roughly tripled over the past 50 years, according to a spring 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data. In 2022, women were the sole or primary breadwinner in 16% of opposite-sex marriages, up from 5% in 1972. Husbands and wives are roughly equal contributors in 29% of marriages today, compared with 11% in 1972.\nLooked at another way, husbands were the breadwinner in 85% of marriages 50 years ago. That has dropped to 55% of marriages today.\nThe gender pay gap \u2013 the difference between the median earnings of men and women \u2013 has remained relatively flat in the United States over the past two decades, according to an analysis of hourly earnings of full- and part-time workers. In 2022, U.S. women typically earned 82 cents for every dollar men earned. That was about the same as in 2002, when women earned 80 cents to the dollar.\nWhen asked about the factors that may play a role in the gender wage gap, half of U.S. adults point to employers treating women differently as a major reason, an October 2022 survey shows. Smaller shares point to women making different choices about how to balance work and family (42%) and working in jobs that pay less (34%).\nWomen are much more likely than men (61% vs. 37%) to say a major reason for the gap is that employers treat women differently.\nWomen still lag in top leadership positions in business and government. Women have made inroads in a\u00a0wide range of leadership positions\u00a0in recent decades, but have not reached parity with their male counterparts in most cases. As of September 2023:\nFederal and state legislators: 28% of U.S. congressional members and about a third of state legislators are women.\nGovernors: 8 Democratic and four Republican women serve as governors.\nPresidential Cabinet: President Joe Biden\u2019s Cabinet is a rare example of gender parity in government leadership. Of 25 Cabinet or Cabinet-level positions, 12 are held by women (48%).\nExecutive business leadership: 11% of Fortune 500 company CEOs are women, along with 30% of Fortune 500 board members.\nSlim majorities of Americans say there are too few women in top political offices and executive business positions, a July 2023 survey shows. When it comes to the number of women elected to political office, 53% of adults say there are too few, 8% say there are too many, and 37% say it is about right. Views of women in business leadership are similar: 55% of adults say there are too few women in these roles, 6% say there are too many, and 37% say there are about the right number.\nIn both cases, Americans cite the same top reasons why there are fewer women than men in these roles: that women have to do more to prove themselves than men, and that women in each field face gender discrimination.\nThe public is divided over whether being a woman makes it more difficult to get ahead, according to an April 2023 survey. Half of Americans say that being a woman hurts a person\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S., while 24% say it helps, and 25% say it neither helps nor hurts.\nWomen are more likely than men to say being a woman hurts one\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S. (58% vs. 40%).\nThese divisions also exist in views of women\u2019s standing in the workplace. A February 2023 survey found that 28% of employed adults say that being a woman makes it a little or a lot harder to be successful where they work, while just 11% say it makes things easier. Another 49% say being a woman makes things neither easier nor harder.\nWomen are more likely than men to say that being a woman makes it at least a little harder to be successful in their workplace (34% vs. 21%).\nNote: This is an update of a post originally published on March 15, 2018.\n\nQuestion: Why do a majority of Americans believe there are too few women in top political and business leadership positions?\nAnswer the question with detailed explanation using the context that may include image, chart and text.", "pred": "A majority of Americans believe there are too few women in top political and business leadership positions primarily due to two main reasons: they feel that women have to do more to prove themselves than men, and they face gender discrimination in these fields. This perception is reflected in survey results showing that 53% of adults say there are too few women in political office, and 55% say there are too few women in business leadership roles. These views are further supported by the text, which cites gender discrimination as a significant barrier to women's advancement in these areas.", "gold": "A majority of Americans believe there are too few women in top political and business leadership positions primarily because they perceive that women have to do more to prove themselves than men and that women in each field face gender discrimination. This reasoning is supported by a July 2023 survey, which shows that 53% of adults think there are too few women in political office and 55% believe there are too few women in business leadership roles, with the same top reasons cited for the underrepresentation in both areas.", "answer_id": "kU7rncrYuAN4DwoL3KqoLN", "model_id": "vicuna-7b-v1.5-v4-v6_1-ict-qa-interleaved_wo_aug-3epoch-2k", "metadata": {}}
{"id": "a4_text_3", "prompt": "Context: For American women, job opportunities look much different than they did 50 years ago. Women have made gains in labor force participation and wages, and they\u2019ve increased their presence in the highest-paying jobs. Some of that progress has stalled in recent years, however, and large gender gaps persist at the top levels of government and business leadership.\nAhead of Women\u2019s History Month, here\u2019s a look at some of these trends and data points, based on Pew Research Center surveys and analyses as well as federal data.\nPew Research Center conducted this analysis ahead of Women\u2019s History Month to better understand the gains women have experienced and the gaps that persist in the U.S. labor force, including in top government and business leadership positions.\nLabor force data comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau\u2019s Current Population Survey. The civilian labor force includes those who are either employed or actively looking for work.\nMore information about the Center analyses and surveys, including their methodologies, can be found at the links in the text.\nWomen made up 47% of the U.S. civilian labor force in 2023, up from 30% in 1950 \u2013 but growth has stagnated, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data shows. The share of women in the labor force generally grew throughout the second half of the 20th century but has since leveled off.\nThe BLS projects that women will continue to make up\u00a0slightly less than half of the labor force through 2032.\nWomen outnumber men in the U.S. college-educated workforce, now making up 51% of those ages 25 and older, according to Current Population Survey data from the fourth quarter of 2023. Women first surpassed men in the college-educated labor force in the fourth quarter of 2019. They remained more than half of this group through the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a sharp recession and an overall decline in the size of the nation\u2019s labor force.\nThe gender shift in the college-educated labor force happened about four decades after\u00a0women overtook men\u00a0in the number of adults earning a bachelor\u2019s degree each year.\nAbout a third of workers in the country\u2019s 10 highest-paying occupations (35%) are women \u2013 up from 13% in 1980, a November 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data shows. Women have increased their presence in almost all of these high-paying jobs. Workers in these occupations typically earn more than $100,000 a year and include physicians, lawyers and dentists.\nDespite these gains, women are still the minority in nine of these jobs. Pharmacists are the exception: 61% are women. The share of women in the other nine occupations remains well below their share in the U.S. workforce overall.\n[Chart] <chart>\nThe share of women in opposite-sex marriages who earn as much as or more than their husband has roughly tripled over the past 50 years, according to a spring 2023 analysis of Census Bureau data. In 2022, women were the sole or primary breadwinner in 16% of opposite-sex marriages, up from 5% in 1972. Husbands and wives are roughly equal contributors in 29% of marriages today, compared with 11% in 1972.\nLooked at another way, husbands were the breadwinner in 85% of marriages 50 years ago. That has dropped to 55% of marriages today.\nThe gender pay gap \u2013 the difference between the median earnings of men and women \u2013 has remained relatively flat in the United States over the past two decades, according to an analysis of hourly earnings of full- and part-time workers. In 2022, U.S. women typically earned 82 cents for every dollar men earned. That was about the same as in 2002, when women earned 80 cents to the dollar.\nWhen asked about the factors that may play a role in the gender wage gap, half of U.S. adults point to employers treating women differently as a major reason, an October 2022 survey shows. Smaller shares point to women making different choices about how to balance work and family (42%) and working in jobs that pay less (34%).\nWomen are much more likely than men (61% vs. 37%) to say a major reason for the gap is that employers treat women differently.\nWomen still lag in top leadership positions in business and government. Women have made inroads in a\u00a0wide range of leadership positions\u00a0in recent decades, but have not reached parity with their male counterparts in most cases. As of September 2023:\nFederal and state legislators: 28% of U.S. congressional members and about a third of state legislators are women.\nGovernors: 8 Democratic and four Republican women serve as governors.\nPresidential Cabinet: President Joe Biden\u2019s Cabinet is a rare example of gender parity in government leadership. Of 25 Cabinet or Cabinet-level positions, 12 are held by women (48%).\nExecutive business leadership: 11% of Fortune 500 company CEOs are women, along with 30% of Fortune 500 board members.\nSlim majorities of Americans say there are too few women in top political offices and executive business positions, a July 2023 survey shows. When it comes to the number of women elected to political office, 53% of adults say there are too few, 8% say there are too many, and 37% say it is about right. Views of women in business leadership are similar: 55% of adults say there are too few women in these roles, 6% say there are too many, and 37% say there are about the right number.\nIn both cases, Americans cite the same top reasons why there are fewer women than men in these roles: that women have to do more to prove themselves than men, and that women in each field face gender discrimination.\nThe public is divided over whether being a woman makes it more difficult to get ahead, according to an April 2023 survey. Half of Americans say that being a woman hurts a person\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S., while 24% say it helps, and 25% say it neither helps nor hurts.\nWomen are more likely than men to say being a woman hurts one\u2019s ability to get ahead in the U.S. (58% vs. 40%).\nThese divisions also exist in views of women\u2019s standing in the workplace. A February 2023 survey found that 28% of employed adults say that being a woman makes it a little or a lot harder to be successful where they work, while just 11% say it makes things easier. Another 49% say being a woman makes things neither easier nor harder.\nWomen are more likely than men to say that being a woman makes it at least a little harder to be successful in their workplace (34% vs. 21%).\nNote: This is an update of a post originally published on March 15, 2018.\n\nQuestion: How has the perception of gender impacting success in the workplace changed according to recent surveys, and what does this indicate about gender dynamics in the U.S.?\nAnswer the question with detailed explanation using the context that may include image, chart and text.", "pred": "According to recent surveys, the perception of gender impacting success in the workplace has become more polarized. Half of Americans now say that being a woman hurts a person's ability to get ahead in the U.S., while 24% say it helps, and 25% say it neither helps nor hurts. Women are more likely than men to say being a woman hurts one\u2019s ability to get ahead (58% vs. 40%). Additionally, 28% of employed adults say that being a woman makes it a little or a lot harder to be successful where they work, while just 11% say it makes things easier. These findings indicate a complex view of gender dynamics in the U.S., with a significant portion of the population still perceiving gender as a barrier to success, but a growing divide in opinions on the impact of gender on a person's ability to succeed. This reflects ongoing discussions and debates about gender equality and the challenges faced by women in the workplace.", "gold": "Recent surveys indicate a divided perception regarding the impact of gender on workplace success in the U.S. Half of Americans, as of an April 2023 survey, believe that being a woman hinders a person's ability to get ahead in the country, while 24% think it helps, and 25% see no impact. Furthermore, a February 2023 survey found that 28% of employed adults feel being a woman makes it harder to be successful at work, with women more likely than men to view their gender as a disadvantage. This division in perception underscores ongoing challenges and complexities in gender dynamics, highlighting that despite progress, significant segments of the population still see gender as a barrier to equal opportunity and success in the workplace.", "answer_id": "hhcNohp6mf7oCBhwpKEGQd", "model_id": "vicuna-7b-v1.5-v4-v6_1-ict-qa-interleaved_wo_aug-3epoch-2k", "metadata": {}}
{"id": "a9_image_1", "prompt": "Context: [Image] <image>\nIn parts of East Asia, large majorities say men and women should share familial responsibilities, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted June 2-Sept. 17, 2023. The responsibilities we asked about are earning money, making decisions about expenses, taking care of children and taking care of aging family members.\nThe data used in this analysis is part of a larger Pew Research Center project examining religion, spirituality and nonreligion in East Asia. The five places this analysis covers are Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam.\nSeveral other places that are generally considered part of East Asia are not included due to survey fieldwork limitations. For example, China does not currently allow non-Chinese organizations to conduct surveys in the mainland, and public opinion surveys are not possible to conduct in North Korea. While surveys can be conducted in Mongolia, the share of people we can reach does not meet the Center\u2019s threshold to report population-level estimates because of the nomadic nature of large segments of the population.\nPew Research Center conducted this analysis to assess how adults in East Asia view gender roles for four common familial responsibilities.\nData comes from a survey of 10,390 adults (ages 18 and older) among five places in East Asia: Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. In the first four places, interviews were conducted over the telephone. In Vietnam, interviews took place face-to-face. All surveys were conducted between June 2 and Sept. 17, 2023.\nThis survey is part of the\u00a0Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on societies around the world.\nRespondents were selected using probability-based sample designs. The data was weighted to account for different probabilities of selection among respondents and to align with demographic benchmarks for adult populations.\nHere are the questions used for the analysis, along with responses, and the survey methodology.\n[Chart] <chart>\nAround three-quarters or more in Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam say men and women should share responsibility for every task asked about. On some measures, like earning money, 80% or more in each place say this.\nTo the degree that people feel one gender is more responsible for certain tasks, though, people are more likely to see men as responsible for earning money. The share saying this ranges from 10% in Taiwan to 17% in South Korea.\nAdults are also more likely to see women as responsible for taking care of children \u2013 4% to 18% of people in each place say this.\nDifferences by gender\nAlthough large majorities say men and women should share most responsibilities, there are some gender differences in people\u2019s responses.\nFor example, in four of the five places surveyed, men are more likely than women to say men should be primarily responsible for earning money. Taiwan and South Korea show the widest gender gap \u2013 there is a 21 percentage point difference in South Korea and a 13-point difference in Taiwan.\nThere are similar patterns when it comes to managing finances. In South Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan, men are slightly more likely than women to say men should be primarily responsible for handling expenses.\nIn some places, women are slightly more likely than men to say that women should be primarily responsible for child care. For example, in Hong Kong, 18% of women believe that women should have this responsibility, compared with 13% of men.\nSimilarly, women in Vietnam, Hong Kong and Japan are slightly more likely than men to say women should be responsible for taking care of elderly family members.\nDifferences by age, education and marital status\nAdults ages 18 to 34 are slightly more likely than older adults to say men and women should share the four familial responsibilities we asked about. For example, in Taiwan, 88% of younger adults say men and women should share responsibility for earning money, compared with 80% of those ages 35 and older.\nSimilarly, adults with higher levels of education are more likely than those with lower levels of education to say men and women should share responsibility for each of these tasks. Those who have never been married are also more likely than those who have married to say this.\nNote: Here are the questions used for the analysis, along with responses, and the survey methodology.\n\nQuestion: What is the relationship between the adults and the child in the stroller as shown in the image?\nAnswer the question with detailed explanation using the context that may include image, chart and text.", "pred": "The relationship between the adults and the child in the stroller appears to be familial. The adults seem to be the child's parents or caregivers, as evidenced by their engagement with the child, such as the mother looking at her phone and the father attending to the child's needs. The presence of the stroller suggests they are together as a family unit.", "gold": "The image suggests that the two adults appear to be caretakers of the child in the stroller, possibly parents, though their exact relationship is not explicitly stated. This inference is made based on their proximity to the stroller and the attention they are providing the child.", "answer_id": "kKAbEwpbxKT8NsL96cpPmp", "model_id": "vicuna-7b-v1.5-v4-v6_1-ict-qa-interleaved_wo_aug-3epoch-2k", "metadata": {}}
