Proxy-GS: Unified Occlusion Priors for Training and Inference in Structured 3D Gaussian Splatting

Yuanyuan Gao, Yuning Gong, Yifei Liu, Jingfeng Li, Dan Xu, Yanci Zhang, Dingwen Zhang, Xiao Sun, Zhihang Zhong; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2026, pp. 7330-7339

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as an efficient approach for photorealistic rendering. Recent MLP-based variants further improve visual fidelity but introduce substantial decoding overhead during rendering. To reduce the computational cost, several pruning strategies and level-of-detail (LOD) techniques have been introduced to reduce the number of Gaussian primitives in large-scale scenes. However, our analysis reveals that significant redundancy still remains due to the lack of occlusion awareness. In this work, we propose Proxy-GS, a novel pipeline that uses a proxy representation to introduce occlusion awareness for Gaussians from arbitrary views. At the core of our approach is a fast proxy system capable of producing precise occlusion depth maps at a resolution of 1000 x 1000 in under 1 ms. This proxy serves two roles. First, it guides the culling of anchors and Gaussians to accelerate rendering. Second, it guides densification toward scene surfaces during training, reducing inconsistencies in occluded regions and thereby improving rendering quality. In heavily occluded scenarios such as the MatrixCity Streets dataset, Proxy-GS achieves more than a 2.5x speedup over Octree-GS while also improving rendering quality.