Camouflage-aware Image-Text Retrieval via Expert Collaboration

Yao Jiang, Zhongkuan Mao, Xuan Wu, Keren Fu, Qijun Zhao; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2026, pp. 23933-23943

Camouflaged scene understanding (CSU) has attracted significant attention due to its broad practical implications. However, in this field, robust image-text cross-modal alignment remains under-explored, hindering deeper understanding of camouflaged scenarios and their related applications. To this end, we focus on the typical image-text retrieval task, and formulate a new task dubbed "camouflage-aware image-text retrieval" (CA-ITR). We first construct a dedicated camouflage image-text retrieval dataset (CamoIT), comprising ~10.5K samples with multi-granularity textual annotations. Benchmark results conducted on CamoIT reveal the underlying challenges of CA-ITR for existing cutting-edge retrieval techniques, which are mainly caused by objects' camouflage properties as well as those complex image contents. As a solution, we propose a camouflage-expert collaborative network (CECNet), which features a dual-branch visual encoder: one branch captures holistic image representations, while the other incorporates a dedicated model to inject representations of camouflaged objects. A novel confidence-conditioned graph attention (C\textsuperscript 2 GA) mechanism is incorporated to exploit the complementarity across branches. Comparative experiments show that CECNet achieves ~29% overall CA-ITR accuracy boost, surpassing seven representative retrieval models. The dataset and code will be available at https://github.com/jiangyao-scu/CA-ITR.