Discrete Neural Representations for Explainable Anomaly Detection

Stanislaw Szymanowicz, James Charles, Roberto Cipolla; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2022, pp. 148-156

The aim of this work is to detect and automatically generate high-level explanations of anomalous events in video. Understanding the cause of an anomalous event is crucial as the required response is dependant on its nature and severity. Recent works typically use object or action classifier to detect and provide labels for anomalous events. However, this constrains detection systems to a finite set of known classes and prevents generalisation to unknown objects or behaviours. Here we show how to robustly detect anomalies without the use of object or action classifiers yet still recover the high level reason behind the event. We make the following contributions: (1) a method using saliency maps to decouple the explanation of anomalous events from object and action classifiers, (2) show how to improve the quality of saliency maps using a novel neural architecture for learning discrete representations of video by predicting future frames and (3) beat the state-of-the-art anomaly explanation methods by 60% on a subset of the public benchmark X-MAN dataset.