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11.9559 TL
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11.9551 TL
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11.9559 TL
T*[(as)-372.015(a)-371.981(subsidiary)-370.997(supervision)-372.011(during)-371.992(semantic)-371.992(se)15.0196(gmentation)]TJ
11.9551 TL
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11.9559 TL
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11.9551 TL
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11.9559 TL
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11.9563 TL
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11.9547 TL
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11.9563 TL
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11.9547 TL
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118.061 0 Td
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7.13203 -1.49414 Td
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4.40391 1.99219 Td
[(0)-1]TJ
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(and)Tj
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16.8684 0 Td
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6.05 0 Td
[(,)-249.015(a)-248.983(strong)-248.993(acti)24.9811(v)24.9811(ation)]TJ
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4.40391 1.99219 Td
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6.53828 -0.498047 Td
[(can)-335.987(lead)-335(to)-336.01(suppression)-336.017(of)-335.981(the)-334.996(correspond-)]TJ
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4.05781 1.49492 Td
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7.74922 0 Td
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5.16094 3.61523 Td
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6.59805 0 Td
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4.87773 -1.49492 Td
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6.36523 0 Td
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[(F)14.992(or)-347(netw)10.0087(orks)-346.008(with)-347.018(deep)-347(residual)-346.983(structures)-345.999(it)-346.986(w)10(ould)-347.018(be)]TJ
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11.9551 TL
T*[(acti)24.9817(v)24.9811(ation)-298.008(to)-296.997<026e64>-298.004(the)-297.982(e)15.0122(xact)-297.006(pix)14.995(els)-297.981(that)-298.014(ha)19.9967(v)14.9828(e)-297.994(led)-297.002(to)-298.016(this)-298.004(sup-)]TJ
T*[(pression)-196.019(of)-196.005(CAM)-196.019(locations)-196.011(that)-195.992(may)-197.014(othe)0.992481(rwise)-197.019(ha)19.9967(v)14.9828(e)-196.011(positi)25.013(v)14.9828(e)]TJ
T*[(features.)-335.002(Instead,)-261.002(we)-257.997(propose)-258.997(a)-258.001(class)-257.985(conditional)-259.011(inference-)]TJ
T*[(time)-193.985(approach)-194.003(to)-193.995(solv)15.0012(e)-192.992(this)-193.981(issue.)-290.988(W)79.9879(e)-194.012(aim)-193.992(to)-193.995(generate)-194.009(a)-194.012(more)]TJ
11.9563 TL
T*[(uniform)-250.009(distrib)19.9918(ution)-250.007(of)-249.996(acti)24.9824(v)24.9811(ation)-250.017(across)-249.993(the)-249.99(visible)-250.002(object.)]TJ
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21.941 TL
T*[(3.2.)-250.005(Class)-249.982(Conditional)-250.009(Response)-250.006(Map)-249.991(Infer)17.9894(ence)]TJ
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[(W)79.9873(e)-432.991(assume)-433.005(an)-432.005(initially)-433.016(well-trained)-433.004(classi\002cation)-433.016(net-)]TJ
-11.9551 -11.9551 Td
[(w)10.0014(ork)]TJ
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22.3508 0 Td
[(h)-0.199722]TJ
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5.74023 -1.49414 Td
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/R11 9.9626 Tf
4.50703 1.49414 Td
[(,)-208.982(which)-197.99(we)-198.988(do)-197.996(not)-199.008(re-train.)-291.987(Instead)-199.013(we)-198.009(propose)]TJ
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183.727 0 Td
(class)Tj
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[(conditional)-314.011(infer)38.0145(ence)]TJ
/R11 9.9626 Tf
85.2148 0 Td
[(,)-329.001(whereby)-313.981(we)-313.988(augment)]TJ
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95.373 0 Td
[(I)-0.60039]TJ
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8.28516 0 Td
[(at)-313.984(infer)0.982679(ence)]TJ
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[(time)-338(to)-336.99(remo)14.9877(v)14.9828(e)-337.988(re)15.0098(gions)-337.994(that)-338.007(may)-336.99(suppress)-337.998(the)-338.015(response)-338.007(of)]TJ
11.9551 TL
T*[(other)-283.982(object)-284.015(parts)-283.981(to)-284.019(mine)-284.011(the)-285.004(class-conditional)-284.019(object)-284.016(acti-)]TJ
11.9559 TL
T*[(v)24.9811(ation.)-332.981(Concretely)64.9965(,)-259.993(we)-257.997(perform)-257.988(this)-256.99(by)-257.986(computing)-257.989(the)-257.989(class)]TJ
11.9551 TL
T*[(conditional)-200(response)-199.991(map)]TJ
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102.818 0 Td
[(R)-0.300195]TJ
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7.56406 -1.49375 Td
[(c)-0.498868]TJ
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4.05898 1.49375 Td
[(\()-0.89936]TJ
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3.87383 0 Td
[(x)-0.499917(;)-167.8(y)-0.300195]TJ
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15.3641 0 Td
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2.76719 0 Td
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2.79492 -3.61602 Td
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4.42812 0 Td
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4.95391 0 Td
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3.87383 0 Td
[(,)-210.002(where)]TJ
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30.9109 0 Td
[(I)-0.60039]TJ
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5.16133 3.61602 Td
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4.78594 -3.61602 Td
[(is)-199.994(an)-200.006(aug-)]TJ
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[(mented)-397.011(image.)-752.013(By)-397.013(remo)14.9877(ving)-397.99(pix)14.995(els)-396.984(in)]TJ
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164.514 0 Td
[(I)-0.60039]TJ
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9.11875 0 Td
[(associated)-397.012(with)]TJ
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[(high)-365.995(acti)24.9817(v)24.9811(ation,)-395.01(we)-366.999(aim)-366.003(to)-366.005(e)15.0122(xplore)-366.003(other)-366.008(re)15.0098(gions)-367.007(of)-366.015(being)]TJ
T*[(suppressed.)-347.011(A)-263.012(high)-262.013(response)-262.02(on)]TJ
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129.851 0 Td
[(R)-0.300195]TJ
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[(c)-0.498868]TJ
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4.05898 1.49492 Td
[(\()-0.89936]TJ
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3.87422 0 Td
[(x)-0.499917(;)-167.8(y)-0.30142]TJ
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15.3637 0 Td
[(j)-0.798886]TJ
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2.76719 0 Td
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5.16211 3.61484 Td
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4.42695 0 Td
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/R148 9.9626 Tf
4.95391 0 Td
[(\))-0.90181]TJ
/R11 9.9626 Tf
6.48906 0 Td
[(for)-261.998(some)-262.995(lo-)]TJ
-187.306 -11.9551 Td
[(cation)-227.985(where)-228.005(the)-227.994(acti)24.9824(v)24.9811(ation)-227.982(w)10(as)-228(not)-227.984(high)-228.018(for)]TJ
/R144 9.9626 Tf
175.287 0 Td
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7.56523 -1.49492 Td
[(c)-0.500618]TJ
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4.05781 1.49492 Td
[(\()-0.90181]TJ
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3.875 0 Td
[(x)-0.499917(;)-167.8(y)-0.30142]TJ
/R150 9.9626 Tf
15.3633 0 Td
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2.76797 0 Td
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5.16094 0 Td
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/R144 9.9626 Tf
4.42812 0 Td
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/R148 9.9626 Tf
4.95273 0 Td
[(\))-0.90181]TJ
/R11 9.9626 Tf
6.14727 0 Td
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[(lik)10.0179(ely)-297.001(to)-296.997(indicate)-296.991(an)-297.008(appearance)-296.985(pattern)-296.997(that)-296.995(is)-296.997(strongly)-297.012(as-)]TJ
T*[(sociated)-266.017(with)-266.992(the)-265.987(object,)-270.015(b)20.0016(ut)-267.002(w)10(as)-265.994(suppressed)-266.007(by)-265.985(the)-267.007(re)15.0098(gions)]TJ
T*[(that)-278.997(visible)-279.018(in)]TJ
/R144 9.9626 Tf
57.6051 0 Td
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5.16094 0 Td
[(,)-285.989(b)20.0016(ut)-279(not)]TJ
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36.1688 0 Td
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5.16133 3.61523 Td
[(0)-0.399094]TJ
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[(.)-396.99(In)-279.011(this)-278.987(section)-278.99(we)-279.015(describe)-279.005(our)]TJ
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[(implementations)-303.993(of)-305.007(this)-304.002(by)-304.018(class)-304.997(conditional)-303.984(Split)]TJ
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203.332 0 Td
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10.7809 0 Td
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[(Augmentation,)-249.982(and)-249.991(Iterati)24.9824(v)14.9828(e)-250.002(Inference.)]TJ
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12.627 TL
(Split)'
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22.425 0 Td
[(&)-0.799499]TJ
/R9 9.9626 Tf
10.2398 0 Td
[(Unite:)-310.013(Image)-249.984(A)49.9941(ugmentation)]TJ
/R11 9.9626 Tf
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[(T)79.9903(o)-235.015(address)-235.009(the)-235.012(unequal)-233.982(distrib)19.9918(ution)-234.99(of)-235.018(object)-235.005(acti)24.9811(v)24.9811(ation,)-238.017(we)]TJ
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[(propose)-286.012(a)-285.996(class)-285.98(conditional)-285.985(split)]TJ
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131.575 0 Td
[(&)-0.800112]TJ
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10.5988 0 Td
[(unite)-286.011(inference)-285.999(strate)14.9852(gy)]TJ
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[(to)-360.986(in)40.0056(v)14.9828(estig)5(ate)-361(dif)24.9848(ferent)-359.982(parts)-360.988(of)-360.997(the)-360.991(object,)-387.997(and)-360.994(align)-361.018(their)]TJ
11.9551 TL
T*[(acti)24.9817(v)24.9811(ation.)-453(A)-297.987(nai)24.9836(v)14.9828(e)-297.014(approach)-297.986(w)10(ould)-298.007(be)-297.009(to)-298.016(randomly)-297.997(di)24.9885(vide)]TJ
T*[(the)-225.013(image)-223.986(by)-225.011(a)-224.007(grid)-225.008(and)-225.015(perform)-223.993(inference)-224.989(on)-223.992(each)-224.989(grid)-225.007(cell.)]TJ
11.9559 TL
T*[(But)-369.991(it)-368.983(is)-370.003(lik)10.0179(ely)-370.009(that)-368.983(some)-369.998(cells)-370.004(w)10(ould)-369.995(not)-369.019(contain)-369.997(the)-370.009(ob-)]TJ
11.9551 TL
T*[(ject,)-227.013(and)-221.997(ha)19.9973(v)14.9828(e)-222.007(a)-220.988(higher)-221.987(chance)-220.99(of)-222(f)9.99466(alse)-221.997(posit)1.00964(i)24.9836(v)14.9828(e)-222.007(responses)-221.98(on)]TJ
T*[(small)-250.009(re)15.0098(gions.)]TJ
11.9551 -12.627 Td
[(Instead,)-397.018(we)-366.999<02727374>-367.012(apply)-367.999(con)40(v)14.9828(entional)-367.01(inference)-367.005(with)-367.995(the)]TJ
-11.9551 -11.9551 Td
[(baseline)-286.014(classi\002er)-284.987(to)-286.018(obtain)]TJ
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112.105 0 Td
[(R)-0.300195]TJ
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7.56367 -1.49492 Td
[(c)-0.498868]TJ
/R148 9.9626 Tf
4.05898 1.49492 Td
[(\()-0.89936(\()-0.900585]TJ
/R144 9.9626 Tf
7.74805 0 Td
[(x)-0.499917(;)-167.8(y)-0.300195]TJ
/R148 9.9626 Tf
15.3641 0 Td
[(\))-0.89936]TJ
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3.87422 0 Td
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2.76797 0 Td
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/R148 9.9626 Tf
5.16094 0 Td
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4.42812 0 Td
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4.95273 0 Td
[(\))-0.90181]TJ
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3.875 0 Td
[(.)-416.987(As)-285.982(we)-285.014(assume)]TJ
-171.899 -11.9551 Td
[(a)-236.004(well-trained)-236.017(model)]TJ
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84.5277 0 Td
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4.9543 0 Td
[(,)-239.016(the)-235.992(initial)-236.002(high)-236.997(CAM)-236.012(acti)24.9811(v)24.9811(ation)-236.019(will)]TJ
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T*[(ject.)-564.996(Then)-334.993(we)-335.004(calculate)-334.998(the)-334.996(centre)-335.007(of)-335.982(mass)-334.983(of)-335(the)-334.996(original)]TJ
T*[(CAM)-276.986(to)-277(obtain)-276.988(a)-277.998(center)-277.016(point)-276.983(about)-276.994(which)-276.998(we)-277.015(split)-278(the)-277.005(im-)]TJ
T*[(age)-226.005(into)-226.016(four)-227.017(patches)0.990031(,)-231.018(as)-227.02(sho)24.9922(wn)-225.994(in)-225.989(Fig.)-226.011(3.)-301.981(W)79.9866(e)-226.006<026e64>-226.996(the)-225.994(centre)]TJ
T*[(of)-220(mass)-219.002(generally)-219.989(f)9.99466(alls)-219.987(on)-219.012(the)-219.995(class,)-225.988(in)-219.99(which)-219.008(case)-220.01(some)-219.983(part)]TJ
T*[(of)-249.996(the)-249.99(object)-249.982(appears)-249.997(in)-249.985(each)-250.006(of)-249.996(the)-249.99(four)-249.995(sub-images.)]TJ
11.9551 -12.6281 Td
[(W)39.9939(ith)-1163.98(the)-1163.01(classi\002er)-1164.02<0278>14.9975(ed,)-1392(we)-1162.98(then)-1163.99(compute)]TJ
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[(R)-0.299582]TJ
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7.56484 -1.49414 Td
[(c)-0.499743]TJ
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4.0582 1.49414 Td
[(\()-0.899972(\()-0.89936]TJ
/R144 9.9626 Tf
7.74883 0 Td
[(x)-0.499917(;)-167.801(y)-0.300195]TJ
/R148 9.9626 Tf
15.3629 0 Td
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3.875 0 Td
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2.76719 0 Td
[(I)-0.599777]TJ
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4.38008 -1.49414 Td
[(i)-0.200422]TJ
/R148 9.9626 Tf
3.31602 1.49414 Td
[(;)-0.800112]TJ
/R144 9.9626 Tf
4.42773 0 Td
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4.9543 0 Td
[(\))-0.89936]TJ
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10.4488 0 Td
(where)Tj
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30.9129 0 Td
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10.0062 0 Td
[(inde)14.9901(x)14.9828(es)-660.006(each)-660.015(split,)-761.995(Although)]TJ
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T*[(baseline)-340.005(CAM)-339.995(leads)-340.012(to)-340.009(only)-341.019(hi)0.992481(ghly)-341.019(discriminati)24.9885(v)14.9828(e)-339.987(re)15.0098(gions)]TJ
T*[(being)-429.009(highlighted,)-473.002(by)-429.017(separate)-428.99(inference,)-474.004(object)-429.012(discrim-)]TJ
ET
Q
q
3088.62 5837.66 2362.43 1362.32 re W n
/R233 Do
Q
q
10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT
/R11 8.9664 Tf
1 0 0 1 308.862 571.349 Tm
[(Figure)-293.985(3.)-294.001(Our)-294.004(split)]TJ
/R234 8.9664 Tf
70.0687 0 Td
[(&)-0.400257]TJ
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9.80312 0 Td
[(unite)-293.979(augmentation)-294.001(methods.)-441.993(During)-293.996(i)1.0129(nfer)19.9911(-)]TJ
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[(ence,)-330(we)-315.005(split)-313.99(the)-313.987(image)-313.995(into)-315.005(pat)0.991113(ches)-315.011(with)-314.014(each)-313.987(patch)-314.003(containing)]TJ
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q 318.385 0 0 322.983 3042.96 6525.31 cm
/R361 Do
Q
Q
q
3042 6173 m
3042 6497 l
3362 6497 l
3362 6173 l
h
W n
q 318.385 0 0 322.983 3042.96 6173.6 cm
/R362 Do
Q
Q
q
3379 6877 m
3379 7201 l
3699 7201 l
3699 6877 l
h
W n
q 318.385 0 0 322.983 3379.77 6877.02 cm
/R363 Do
Q
Q
q
3379 6173 m
3379 6497 l
3699 6497 l
3699 6173 l
h
W n
q 318.385 0 0 322.984 3379.77 6173.6 cm
/R364 Do
Q
Q
q
3716 6877 m
3716 7201 l
4035 7201 l
4035 6877 l
h
W n
q 318.385 0 0 322.983 3716.59 6877.02 cm
/R365 Do
Q
Q
q
3716 6526 m
3716 6850 l
4035 6850 l
4035 6526 l
h
W n
q 318.385 0 0 322.983 3716.59 6526.79 cm
/R366 Do
Q
Q
q
3716.59 6173.6 318.387 322.98 re W n
q 318.385 0 0 322.983 3716.59 6173.6 cm
/R367 Do
Q
Q
q
4053 6877 m
4053 7201 l
4372 7201 l
4372 6877 l
h
W n
q 318.385 0 0 322.983 4053.4 6877.02 cm
/R368 Do
Q
Q
q
4053 6173 m
4053 6496 l
4372 6496 l
4372 6173 l
h
W n
q 318.385 0 0 321.747 4053.4 6173.6 cm
/R369 Do
Q
Q
q
4390 6877 m
4390 7201 l
4709 7201 l
4709 6877 l
h
W n
q 318.385 0 0 322.983 4390.21 6877.02 cm
/R370 Do
Q
Q
q
4390 6526 m
4390 6850 l
4709 6850 l
4709 6526 l
h
W n
q 318.385 0 0 322.983 4390.21 6526.79 cm
/R371 Do
Q
Q
q
4390 6173 m
4390 6496 l
4709 6496 l
4709 6173 l
h
W n
q 318.385 0 0 321.747 4390.21 6173.6 cm
/R372 Do
Q
Q
q
1243 6155 m
1243 7201 l
4709 7201 l
4709 6155 l
h
W n
/R347 cs
0 0 0 scn
q
10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT
-0.0131083 Tc
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0 1 -1 0 132.802 694.92 Tm
[(!")-2.01148(#)-2.00403($)5.01381(%)]TJ
0.0111421 Tc
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[(&')3.98572(\()]TJ
-0.0150746 Tc
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[(\)*)-4.99891(+)16.9933(,)]TJ
ET
Q
Q
q
1695 6526 m
1695 6850 l
2015 6850 l
2015 6526 l
h
W n
q 318.386 0 0 322.983 1695.71 6526.79 cm
/R375 Do
Q
Q
q
1695 6173 m
1695 6497 l
2015 6497 l
2015 6173 l
h
W n
q 318.386 0 0 322.984 1695.71 6173.6 cm
/R376 Do
Q
Q
q
1695 6877 m
1695 7201 l
2015 7201 l
2015 6877 l
h
W n
q 318.386 0 0 322.983 1695.71 6877.02 cm
/R377 Do
Q
Q
q
3379 6526 m
3379 6850 l
3699 6850 l
3699 6526 l
h
W n
q 318.386 0 0 322.983 3379.77 6526.79 cm
/R378 Do
Q
Q
q
4053 6526 m
4053 6850 l
4372 6850 l
4372 6526 l
h
W n
q 318.386 0 0 322.983 4053.4 6526.79 cm
/R379 Do
Q
Q
0 g
q
10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT
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1 0 0 1 50.1121 594.649 Tm
[(Figure)-228.986(8.)-229.002(Sampl)1.01834(e)-228.999(results)-228.987(of)-228.995(initial)-227.996(response)-228.98(maps)-228.985(and)-228.999(ours.)-302.987(Baseline)-228(CAMs)-229.013(tend)-228.991(to)-229.015(only)-228.013(highlight)-228.988(discriminati)25.012(v)14.9865(e)-228.996(areas.)-302.997(Our)-229.002(approach)-228.005(helps)]TJ
10.959 TL
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ET
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3.98 w
0 G
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q
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[(Baseline)-3035.98(46.6)-2860(50.9)-3559(41.4)-2810.99(48.0)]TJ
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[(SC-CAM[5])-2257.99(49.5)-2860(53.5)-3559(43.5)-2810.99(50.9)]TJ
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[(Ours)-3786.01(49.8)-2860(55.3)-3559(44.7)-2810.99(52.2)]TJ
ET
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671.57 5205.14 m
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1229.23 5203.15 m
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28.543 TL
T*[(maps)-250.018(from)-249.987([24],)]TJ
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[<0b>-0.699638]TJ
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[(in)-249.985(Eq.)-249.986(4)-249.993(is)-249.984(empirically)-250.002(set)-249.988(to)-249.985(0.08.)]TJ
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[(4.2.)-250.005(Impr)17.991(o)9.9944(v)9.99495(ement)-250.011(on)-250.016(Initial)-250.007(Response)-250.006(Map)]TJ
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[(mance,)-213.017(using)-204.996(best)-203.992(mean)-203.997(IoU,)]TJ
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(i.e)Tj
/R11 9.9626 Tf
9.68281 0 Td
[(.)-204.003(the)-205.017(best)-203.99(match)-203.99(between)-203.998(the)]TJ
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[(response)-286.015(map)-286.018(and)-285.985(se)15.0183(gmentation)-285.985(ground)-286.009(truth)-286.009(under)-285.984(all)-285.982(dif-)]TJ
11.9551 TL
T*[(ferent)-289.994(background)-290.987(thresholds.)-430.984(W)79.9879(e)-289.996(also)-290.015(report)-291.003(pseudo-label)]TJ
T*[(results)-262.991(after)-264.003(applying)-263.019(the)-263.988(random)-262.995(w)10(alk)-263.988(re\002nement)-262.988(\(CAM)-264.01(+)]TJ
T*[(R)54.9847(W\).)-360.999(Note)-360.008(that)-360.984(our)-360.011(results)-361.013(are)-359.991(obtained)-361.013(with)-359.996(the)-360.991(baseline)]TJ
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79.2117 0 Td
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108.71 0 Td
[(.)-567.981(As)-336.013(sho)24.9934(wn)]TJ
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[(in)-348.008(T)79.9903(able)-348.017(1,)-372.989(our)-348.013(initial)-347.984(response)-348.006(maps)-348.002(are)-347.993(signi\002cantly)-347.998(im-)]TJ
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T*[(of-the-art)-249.995(methods)-250.001([4,)-249.994(5],)-249.994(and)-249.991(observ)14.9914(e)-250.002(a)-250.002(a)-250.002(clear)-250.007(mar)18.0019(gin.)]TJ
11.9551 -13.1473 Td
[(Our)-408.006(better)-406.984(initial)-408.013(response)-407.015(maps)-407.992(lead)-408.008(to)-407.018(better)-408.003(perfor)19.9918(-)]TJ
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[(mance)-255.012(of)-253.995(do)24.986(wnstream)-254.995(tasks:)-319.018(generating)-254.019(pix)14.995(el-wise)-255.004(pseudo-)]TJ
T*[(labels)-441.988(and)-442<026e616c>-441.983(se)15.0183(gmentation)-441.018(results.)-885.982(After)-442.005(re\002ning)-442.014(the)]TJ
T*[(response)-415.994(map)-415.997(into)-417.004(ps)0.991256(eudo)-417.017(labels)-415.992(that)-415.994(are)-415.982(used)-415.997(to)-417.016(train)-415.997(a)]TJ
T*[(semantic)-351.015(se)15.0189(gmentation)-350.994(model,)-377.008(we)-351.001(also)-350.986(achie)25.0154(v)14.9828(e)-351.985(signi\002cant)]TJ
11.9559 TL
T*[(impro)15.0042(v)14.9828(ement)-332.987(o)14.9828(v)14.9828(er)-333.991(the)-332.996(baseline)-332.986(and)-332.997(outperform)-333.998(competing)]TJ
11.9551 TL
T*[(methods,)-228.002(as)-222.981(sho)24.9922(wn)-223.014(in)-223.009(\223CAM+R)54.9835<5794>-222.006(column)-222.992(in)-223.009(T)79.9916(able)-223.019(1.)-301.001(This)]TJ
T*[(v)24.9811(alidates)-338.002(that,)-360.001(by)-336.993(direct)-338.015(inference)-337.989(without)-337.983(\002ne-tuning,)-360.009(our)]TJ
T*[(method)-200.995(can)-200.99(substantially)-201.006(impro)15.0036(v)14.9828(e)-200.991(object)-201.011(acti)24.9811(v)24.9811(ation)-201.986(and)-201.02(gen-)]TJ
T*[(erate)-208.014(better)-207.997(response)-207.99(m)0.992481(aps)-207.997(than)-207.992(competing)-208.007(methods)-208.007(with)-207.982(re-)]TJ
T*[(trained)-237.987(classi\002cation)-237.991(models.)-305.994(In)-237.998(Fig.)-238.009(8,)-241.011(we)-238.002(sho)24.9934(w)-237.997(qualitati)25.013(v)14.9828(e)]TJ
11.9559 TL
T*[(e)15.0128(xamples)-206.017(compared)-205.994(with)-205.983(baseline)-205.988(CAMs,)-214.986(sho)24.9934(wing)-205.985(that)-205.99(ours)]TJ
11.9551 TL
T*[(can)-331.987(acti)24.9817(v)24.9811(ate)-331.985(substantially)-330.984(more)-332.013(object)-332.007(parts)-332.013(and)-332.018(uniformly)]TJ
T*[(co)15.0177(v)14.9828(er)-250.005(lar)17.9964(ger)-250(re)15.0098(gions)-250.009(of)-249.996(the)-249.99(objects.)]TJ
11.9551 -13.1461 Td
[(In)-295.008(T)79.9903(able)-295.006(2,)-307(we)-295.011(sho)24.9922(w)-295.007(an)-295.008(ablation)-294.981(study)64.999(,)-305.986(ho)24.986(w)-295.007(each)-295.997(of)-295.007(our)]TJ
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[(modules)-273.997(impro)15.0036(v)14.9828(es)-273.992(the)-273.986(initial)-273.996(response)-274.018(maps.)-381.993(The)-273.989(impro)15.0048(v)14.9828(e-)]TJ
T*[(ment)-361.018(mainly)-361.005(stems)-359.991(from)-360.988(more)-360.989(dense)-360.991(co)15.0171(v)14.9828(erage)-361.011(of)-360.996(objects,)]TJ
T*[(we)-279.994(test)-280.996(each)-280(module)-280.001(independently)65.0137(.)-400.989(Our)-279.988(split)]TJ
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185.288 0 Td
[(&)-0.798886]TJ
/R11 9.9626 Tf
10.541 0 Td
[(unite)-280.012(aug-)]TJ
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[(mentation)-315.006(impro)15.0036(v)14.9828(es)-315.005(the)-314.999(baseline)-314.989(CAM)-315.019(by)-314.996(1.9%.)-506.016(The)-315.001(iter)20.004(-)]TJ
ET
Q
3187.7 5591.69 m
5352.04 5591.69 l
S
q
10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT
/R11 7.9701 Tf
1 0 0 1 432.582 552.345 Tm
[(T)35.0186(raining)-250.007(Set)-1550(V)110.974(alidation)-250(Set)]TJ
ET
Q
3187.7 5493.06 m
5352.04 5493.06 l
S
q
10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT
/R11 7.9701 Tf
1 0 0 1 324.747 542.482 Tm
[(Baseline)-11679(48.0)-5088.01(46.8)]TJ
9.46406 TL
T*[(Ours)-249.991(\(Direct)-249.979(inference\))-5794.01(52.2)-5088.01(50.7)]TJ
9.46484 TL
T*[(Ours)-249.991(+)-249.979(split&unite)-250.01(re-training)-3143(52.7)-5088.01(51.8)]TJ
9.46406 TL
T*[(Ours)-249.991(+)-249.979(SC-CAM[5])-7115.01(53.3)-5088.01(51.5)]TJ
ET
Q
3187.7 5110.5 m
5352.04 5110.5 l
S
4264.05 5108.51 m
4264.05 5593.69 l
S
4781.07 5108.51 m
4781.07 5593.69 l
S
q
10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT
/R11 8.9664 Tf
1 0 0 1 308.862 503.739 Tm
[(T)79.9807(able)-427.015(4.)-427.006(The)-427.009(ef)25.0174(fecti)25.0174(v)14.9865(eness)-426.013(of)-427.001(our)-427.001(model)-426.985(as)-427.001(an)-427.006(\223add-on\224)-427.012(to)-426.015(re-)]TJ
10.9582 TL
T*[(trained)-250.014(classi\002er)54.9986(.)]TJ
/R11 9.9626 Tf
15.4508 TL
T*[(ati)24.986(v)14.9828(e)-317.011(inference)-317.993(module)-317.016(has)-317.001(an)-317.986(impro)15.0024(v)14.9828(ement)-316.991(of)-317.006(2.2%)-318.011(com-)]TJ
11.9559 TL
T*[(pared)-255.999(with)-256.994(baseline.)-328.984(It)-257.011(v)24.9811(alidates)-256.016(that)-255.982(both)-256.991(our)-255.992(modules)-257.021(pro-)]TJ
11.9551 TL
T*[(vide)-368.985(manifest)-369.012(impro)15.0048(v)14.9828(ement)-368.983(o)14.9828(v)14.9828(er)-369.007(the)-368.987(baseline)-369.017(CAM.)-369.007(Inte-)]TJ
T*[(grating)-417.987(them)-417.989(together)40.0105(,)-459.019(we)-418.009(achie)25.0154(v)14.9828(e)-418.014(a)-418.014(signi\002cant)-417.999(impro)15.0024(v)14.9828(e-)]TJ
T*[(ment)-225.002(o)14.9828(v)14.9828(er)-224.009(the)-225.014(baseline)-225.004(by)-223.992(4.2%)-225.007(on)-225.011(our)-223.997(initial)-224.987(response)-225.007(map.)]TJ
11.9551 -11.9547 Td
[(Finally)65.0112(,)-253.994(we)-253.019(report)-253.989(performance)-253.017(impro)15.0024(v)14.9828(ements)-252.997(for)-253.997(dif)24.986(fer)19.9869(-)]TJ
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[(ent)-360.011(numbers)-361.013(of)-360.016(classes)-360.006(appearing)-360.989(in)-360.009(an)-360.999(image)-360.004(in)-360.009(T)79.9916(able)-360.994(3.)]TJ
11.9563 TL
T*[(As)-297(sho)24.9934(wn,)-308.997(we)-297.992(achie)25.0154(v)14.9828(e)-297.014(consistent)-297.009(impro)15.0024(v)14.9828(ements)-296.99(o)14.9828(v)14.9828(er)-298(com-)]TJ
11.9547 TL
T*[(peting)-312.982(methods)-313.009(on)-312.997(images)-312.987(with)-314.002(all)-312.997(class)-312.997(numbers,)-329.014(demon-)]TJ
T*[(strating)-250.007(the)-249.99(ef)25.0081(fecti)25.0179(v)14.9828(eness)-249.99(and)-249.993(generality)-250.017(of)-249.997(our)-249.993(method.)]TJ
/R9 10.9589 Tf
19.7422 TL
T*[(4.3.)-250.004(Ablation:)-361.001(Integrating)-249.984(with)-249.993(Retraining)]TJ
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11.9551 -17.9328 Td
[(Our)-273.989(method)-274.003(can)-273.996(be)-273.013(directly)-274.013(used)-273.984(as)-273.993(an)-273.993(add-on)-273.979(inference)]TJ
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[(module)-399.002(with)-399.009(an)15.0171(y)-398.987(e)15.0122(xisting)-398.007(re-trained)-398.992(classi\002er)-399.007(to)-399.022(obtain)-399.007(a)]TJ
11.9551 TL
T*[(better)-303(initial)-303.991(response)-302.994(map.)-469.985(First,)-315.991(as)-303.988(discussed)-303.018(in)-302.998(Sec.)-304.018(3.2,)]TJ
T*[(our)-316.018(split)]TJ
/R148 9.9626 Tf
36.7418 0 Td
[(&)-0.798886]TJ
/R11 9.9626 Tf
10.8973 0 Td
[(unite)-316.006(augmentation)-316.021(can)-315.991(be)-315.986(used)-316.016(in)-316.016(the)-316.016(training)]TJ
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[(stage)-273.984(as)-273.991(a)-273.998(data)-273.991(augmentat)1.00964(ion)-274.013(method.)-381.98(W)79.9866(e)-273.998(follo)24.9958(w)-273.989(the)-273.984(meth-)]TJ
T*[(ods)-237.002(described)-237.007(in)-237.007(Sec.)-237.012(3.2)-235.988(to)-237.009(augment)-236.995(the)-237.009(training)-236.99(set)-237.009(to)-237.009(feed)]TJ
11.9559 TL
T*[(dif)24.986(ferent)-285.994(parts)-285.982(of)-285.989(the)-285.984(object)-286.016(into)-286.006(the)-287.001(classi\002cation)-285.982(model)-286.006(to)]TJ
11.9551 TL
T*[(train)-269.982(the)-271.006(netw)10.0081(ork,)-275.003(so)-269.982(the)-269.987(netw)10.0081(ork)-271.009(will)-270.009(update)-269.979(its)-270.014(weights)-270.984(to)]TJ
T*[(pay)-317.001(attention)-317.011(to)-316.994(more)-316.996(object)-316.991(parts.)-510.998(Refer)-317.006(to)-318.016(T)79.9916(able)-317.001(4:)-443.995<026e652d>]TJ
T*[(tuning)-204.99(the)-205.017(classi\002er)-205(with)-205.003(our)-206(spl)1(it)]TJ
/R148 9.9626 Tf
133.475 0 Td
[(&)-0.803787]TJ
/R11 9.9626 Tf
9.7918 0 Td
[(unite)-205.005(augmentation)-205.02(fur)19.9967(-)]TJ
-143.267 -11.9551 Td
[(ther)-249.993(impro)15.0048(v)14.9828(es)-249.995(the)-249.99(initial)-250(response)-249.983(map)-249.983(performance.)]TJ
11.9551 -11.9547 Td
[(In)-444.002(addition,)-493.016(we)-444.987(perform)-443.995(our)-444(inference-time)-443.99(data)-444.98(aug-)]TJ
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