Beyond Fusion: Modality Hallucination-Based Multispectral Fusion for Pedestrian Detection

Qian Xie, Ta-Ying Cheng, Jia-Xing Zhong, Kaichen Zhou, Andrew Markham, Niki Trigoni; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2024, pp. 655-664

Pedestrian detection is a fundamental task for many downstream applications. Visible and thermal images, as the two most important data types, are usually used to detect pedestrians under various environmental conditions. Many state-of-the-art works have been proposed to use two-stream (i.e., two-branch) architectures to combine visible and thermal information to improve detection performance. However, conventional visible-thermal fusion-based methods have no ability to obtain useful information from the visible branch under poor visibility conditions. The visible branch could even sometimes bring noise into the combined features. In this paper, we present a novel thermal and visible fusion architecture for pedestrian detection. Instead of simply using two branches to separately extract thermal and visible features and then fusing them, we introduce a hallucination branch to learn the mapping from thermal to visible domain, forming a three-branch feature extraction module. We then adaptively fuse feature maps from all the three branches (i.e., thermal, visible, and hallucination). With this new integrated hallucination branch, our network can still get relatively good visible feature maps under challenging low visibility conditions, thus boosting the overall detection performance. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the superiority of the proposed architecture over conventional fusion methods.