%PDF-1.3 1 0 obj << /Kids [ 3 0 R 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R ] /Type /Pages /Count 10 >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Title (A Deep Regression Architecture With Two\055Stage Re\055Initialization for High Performance Facial Landmark Detection) /Producer (PyPDF2) /Author (Jiangjing Lv\054 Xiaohu Shao\054 Junliang Xing\054 Cheng Cheng\054 Xi Zhou) /Subject (2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition) >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 14 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /x8 15 0 R /x6 18 0 R /x12 21 0 R /x10 24 0 R >> /ExtGState << /s9 27 0 R /s11 30 0 R /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> /R61 33 0 R /s5 34 0 R /s7 37 0 R >> /Font << /R78 40 0 R /R72 44 0 R /R70 48 0 R /R76 52 0 R /R74 56 0 R /F1 59 0 R /F2 60 0 R /R64 61 0 R /R66 65 0 R /R62 68 0 R /R68 71 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R ] >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 126 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R105 127 0 R /R104 128 0 R /R98 129 0 R /R99 130 0 R /R107 131 0 R /R91 132 0 R /R93 133 0 R /R94 134 0 R /R95 135 0 R /R96 136 0 R /R97 137 0 R /R109 138 0 R /R108 140 0 R /R118 141 0 R /R119 142 0 R /R106 148 0 R /R101 149 0 R /R100 139 0 R /R103 150 0 R /R102 151 0 R /R116 144 0 R /R117 145 0 R /R114 152 0 R /R115 146 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R90 143 0 R /R61 33 0 R >> /Font << /R111 153 0 R /R76 52 0 R /F2 160 0 R /R64 61 0 R /F1 161 0 R /R120 162 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /Group 147 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R 170 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 171 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R61 33 0 R >> /Font << /R163 172 0 R /R157 176 0 R /R161 180 0 R /R167 183 0 R /R165 186 0 R /R120 162 0 R /R76 52 0 R /R159 191 0 R /F2 195 0 R /R64 61 0 R /F1 196 0 R /R62 68 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R ] >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 226 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R192 227 0 R /R193 228 0 R /R190 229 0 R /R191 230 0 R /R185 231 0 R /R187 232 0 R /R194 233 0 R /R186 234 0 R /R189 235 0 R /R188 236 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R61 33 0 R >> /Font << /R163 172 0 R /R157 176 0 R /R161 180 0 R /R167 183 0 R /R179 237 0 R /R165 186 0 R /R181 240 0 R /R120 162 0 R /R76 52 0 R /R183 245 0 R /R159 191 0 R /F2 250 0 R /R64 61 0 R /F1 251 0 R /R62 68 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 252 0 R 253 0 R 254 0 R 255 0 R 256 0 R ] >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 257 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R228 258 0 R /R229 259 0 R /R213 260 0 R /R212 261 0 R /R215 265 0 R /R207 266 0 R /R217 267 0 R /R210 268 0 R /R220 269 0 R /R221 270 0 R /R222 271 0 R /R223 272 0 R /R224 273 0 R /R225 274 0 R /R226 275 0 R /R227 276 0 R /R231 277 0 R /R233 278 0 R /R230 283 0 R /R211 264 0 R /R214 279 0 R /R216 280 0 R /R219 281 0 R /R232 284 0 R /R218 282 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R90 143 0 R /R208 262 0 R /R209 263 0 R /R61 33 0 R >> /Font << /R163 172 0 R /R157 176 0 R /R161 180 0 R /R167 183 0 R /R179 237 0 R /R165 186 0 R /R205 285 0 R /R181 240 0 R /R62 68 0 R /R76 52 0 R /R159 191 0 R /F2 288 0 R /R64 61 0 R /F1 289 0 R /R120 162 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /Group 147 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R ] /Type /Page >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 294 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R61 33 0 R >> /Font << /R181 240 0 R /R183 245 0 R /R205 285 0 R /R78 40 0 R /F2 295 0 R /F1 296 0 R /R248 297 0 R /R120 162 0 R /R246 300 0 R /R163 172 0 R /R157 176 0 R /R161 180 0 R /R167 183 0 R /R179 237 0 R /R165 186 0 R /R159 191 0 R /R64 61 0 R /R62 68 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R ] >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 309 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R61 33 0 R >> /Font << /F2 310 0 R /R157 176 0 R /R161 180 0 R /F1 311 0 R /R165 186 0 R /R64 61 0 R /R62 68 0 R /R76 52 0 R /R159 191 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R 332 0 R 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R 336 0 R 337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R ] >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 342 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R303 343 0 R /R309 344 0 R /R308 345 0 R /R329 346 0 R /R328 347 0 R /R302 348 0 R /R325 349 0 R /R324 350 0 R /R327 351 0 R /R326 352 0 R /R321 353 0 R /R320 354 0 R /R323 355 0 R /R322 356 0 R /R300 357 0 R /R307 358 0 R /R306 359 0 R /R305 360 0 R /R304 361 0 R /R314 362 0 R /R315 363 0 R /R316 364 0 R /R317 365 0 R /R310 366 0 R /R311 367 0 R /R312 368 0 R /R313 369 0 R /R318 370 0 R /R319 371 0 R /R332 372 0 R /R330 373 0 R /R331 374 0 R /R299 375 0 R /R298 376 0 R /R293 377 0 R /R295 378 0 R /R294 379 0 R /R297 380 0 R /R296 381 0 R /R301 382 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R61 33 0 R >> /Font << /R157 176 0 R /R161 180 0 R /R165 186 0 R /R76 52 0 R /R78 40 0 R /F2 383 0 R /R64 61 0 R /F1 384 0 R /R248 297 0 R /R62 68 0 R /R246 300 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ 385 0 R 386 0 R 387 0 R 388 0 R ] >> endobj 11 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 389 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R61 33 0 R >> /Font << /F2 390 0 R /R64 61 0 R /F1 391 0 R /R76 52 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 392 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R61 33 0 R >> /Font << /F2 393 0 R /R64 61 0 R /F1 394 0 R /R76 52 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 13 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R >> endobj 14 0 obj << /Length 18717 >> stream q q q 0.10000 0 0 0.10000 0 0 cm /R61 gs 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R62 14.34620 Tf 1 0 0 1 88.21020 675.06700 Tm [ (A) -250.00200 (Deep) -250.00800 (Regr) 18.00990 (ession) -250.00200 (Ar) 17.99290 (chitectur) 18 (e) -250 (with) -250.01300 (T) 73.99160 (w) 10.00310 (o\055Stage) -250.00200 (Re\055initialization) -250.00500 (f) 24.99230 (or) ] TJ 66.85900 -17.93320 Td [ (High) -249.98700 (P) 20.00610 (erf) 24.98890 (ormance) -250 (F) 24.98890 (acial) -249.99600 (Landmark) -249.99600 (Detection) ] TJ /R64 11.95520 Tf -38.55200 -37.85780 Td [ (Jiangjing) -250 (Lv) ] TJ /R66 7.97010 Tf 60.10980 4.33867 Td [ (1) -0.29866 ] TJ /R68 7.97010 Tf 4.23398 0 Td [ (\073) -0.09955 ] TJ /R66 7.97010 Tf 2.35195 0 Td [ (2) -0.29866 ] TJ /R70 7.97010 Tf 7.22305 0 Td [ <03> -0.29866 ] TJ /R64 11.95520 Tf 0.74805 -4.33867 Td [ (\054) -250.01200 (Xiaohu) -249.98700 (Shao) ] TJ /R66 7.97010 Tf 68.07190 4.33867 Td [ (1) -0.30019 ] TJ /R68 7.97010 Tf 4.23398 0 Td [ (\073) -0.10109 ] TJ /R66 7.97010 Tf 2.35234 0 Td [ (2) -0.30019 ] TJ /R70 7.97010 Tf 7.72070 0 Td [ <03> -0.30019 ] TJ /R64 11.95520 Tf 4.33867 TL T* [ (\054) -250.01200 (Junliang) -250.01000 (Xing) ] TJ /R66 7.97010 Tf 73.39300 4.33867 Td [ (3) -0.30019 ] TJ /R64 11.95520 Tf 4.73203 -4.33867 Td [ (\054) -250.01200 (Cheng) -250.00600 (Cheng) ] TJ /R66 7.97010 Tf 71.39610 4.33867 Td [ (1) -0.30019 ] TJ /R64 11.95520 Tf 4.73203 -4.33867 Td [ (\054) -250.01000 (Xi) -250.01400 (Zhou) ] TJ /R66 7.97010 Tf 46.15900 4.33867 Td [ (1) -0.30019 ] TJ -391.42200 -13.94770 Td [ (1) -0.30019 ] TJ /R64 11.95520 Tf 7.72070 -4.33828 Td [ (Chongqing) -250.00200 (Institute) -250.01500 (of) -250.01500 (Green) -249.99700 (and) -249.98700 (Intelligent) -250.00800 (T) 70.01640 (echnology) 65.01320 (\054) -250.01200 (Chinese) -250.01200 (Academy) -250.00600 (of) -250.01400 (Sciences) ] TJ /R66 7.97010 Tf 97.96840 -9.60977 Td [ (2) -0.29866 ] TJ /R64 11.95520 Tf 7.72070 -4.33828 Td [ (Uni) 24.99570 (v) 14.98510 (ersity) -249.98900 (of) -250.01400 (Chinese) -250.01200 (Academy) -250.00400 (of) -250.01400 (Sciences) ] TJ /R66 7.97010 Tf -33.86600 -9.60898 Td [ (3) -0.29866 ] TJ /R64 11.95520 Tf 7.72109 -4.33867 Td [ (Institute) -250.01600 (of) -250.01400 (Automation\054) -250.00600 (Chinese) -250.01200 (Academy) -250.00400 (of) -250.01400 (Sciences) ] TJ /R72 8.96640 Tf -77.95900 -13.94730 Td [ (f) -0.89990 ] TJ /R74 8.96640 Tf 4.60820 0 Td (lvjiangjing\054shaoxiaohu\054chengcheng\054zhouxi) Tj /R72 8.96640 Tf 215.19200 0 Td [ (g) -0.90126 ] TJ /R74 8.96640 Tf 4.60820 0 Td [ (\100cigit\056ac\056cn) -1667 (jlxing\100nlpr\056ia\056ac\056cn) ] TJ /R62 11.95520 Tf -170.27200 -41.04610 Td (Abstract) Tj /R76 9.96260 Tf -83.92770 -23.91090 Td [ (Re) 39.99270 (gr) 36.98520 (ession) -540.98300 (based) -540.99100 (f) 0.98758 (acial) -540.98800 (landmark) -541.01500 (detection) -540.98300 (methods) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (usually) -246.00600 (learns) -246.99300 (a) -245.99300 (series) -245.98100 (of) -247.00500 (r) 38 (e) 39.98840 (gr) 36.98520 (ession) -246.99300 (functions) -245.99300 (to) -245.98600 (update) -246.99600 (the) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (landmark) -307.99500 (positions) -308.01200 (fr) 44.98640 (om) -308.02000 (an) -306.99800 (initial) -307.98200 (estimation\056) -483.98500 (Most) -308.00700 (of) -308.01500 (e) 19.99180 (x\055) ] TJ T* [ (isting) -216.98500 (appr) 44.99370 (oac) 14.98400 (hes) -215.99600 (focus) -217.00400 (on) -215.99300 (learning) -216.98700 (ef) 18 (fective) -215.99800 (mapping) -216.98800 (func\055) ] TJ T* [ (tions) -371.98600 (with) -371.00400 (r) 45.01820 (ob) 20.00650 (ust) -371.99800 (ima) 10.01300 (g) 10.00320 (e) -371.00200 (featur) 37 (es) -372.01500 (to) -370.98500 (impr) 44.99490 (o) 10.00320 (ve) -371.98700 (performance) 15.00730 (\056) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (The) -294.01400 (appr) 44.99370 (oac) 14.98340 (h) -293.98500 (to) -294.99700 (dealing) -293.99900 (with) -293.99600 (the) -293.98300 (initialization) -294.02000 (issue) 10.01790 (\054) -305.98600 (how\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (e) 15.01280 (ver) 110.99900 (\054) -317.00300 (r) 37.01960 (eceives) -303.99700 (r) 37.01960 (elatively) -304.01200 (fe) 14.98030 (wer) -304.01300 (attentions\056) -471.98500 (In) -303.98600 (this) -304.00300 (paper) 111.01800 (\054) -317.98400 (we) ] TJ T* [ (pr) 36.98520 (esent) -398.98200 (a) -398.00700 (deep) -398.99100 (r) 37.01960 (e) 39.98840 (gr) 36.98520 (ession) -399.00700 (ar) 36.98520 (c) 15.01220 (hitectur) 37.00360 (e) -398.01700 (with) -399 (two\055sta) 10 (g) 10.00320 (e) -398.99700 (r) 37.01830 (e\055) ] TJ T* [ (initialization) -316.99600 (to) -316.99400 (e) 19.99180 (xplicitly) -317.01700 (deal) -316.99400 (with) -317.99200 (the) -316.99900 (initialization) -316.99600 (pr) 44.98510 (ob\055) ] TJ T* [ (lem\056) -398.00400 (At) -279.00100 (the) -279.98500 (global) -279.01700 (sta) 10.01670 (g) 10.00320 (e) 9.99343 (\054) -287.00800 (given) -279.00400 (an) -279.00200 (ima) 10.01300 (g) 10.00320 (e) -279.99700 (with) -279.02000 (a) -279.00700 (r) 45.01700 (ough) -280.01200 (face) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (detection) -339.01800 (r) 37.01960 (esult\054) -361.99500 (the) -338.99500 (full) -339.01400 (face) -338.99900 (r) 37.01960 (e) 39.98840 (gion) -339.01900 (is) -340.00900 <0272> 10.01060 (stly) -338.98500 (r) 37.01830 (e\055initialized) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (by) -257.99600 (a) -257.99100 (supervised) -258.00800 (spatial) -257.01200 (tr) 14.99140 (ansformer) -257.99600 (network) -258.00800 (to) -257.98400 (a) -257.99100 (canonical) ] TJ T* [ (shape) -310.99000 (state) -310.98600 (and) -310.99200 (then) -310.99500 (tr) 14.99140 (ained) -310.98900 (to) -310.99500 (r) 37.01960 (e) 39.98840 (gr) 36.98520 (ess) -311 (a) -311.00200 (coar) 10.01060 (se) -311.00400 (landmark) ] TJ T* [ (estimation\056) -499.98300 (At) -312.99600 (the) -314.01900 (local) -312.98700 (sta) 10.01670 (g) 10.00320 (e) 9.99343 (\054) -329.00100 (dif) 18.01660 (fer) 36.98280 (ent) -314.01900 (face) -313.00400 (parts) -313.01600 (ar) 36.98650 (e) -313.99200 (fur) 20.01380 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (ther) -316.01200 (separ) 14.99570 (ately) -316.01500 (r) 37.01960 (e\055initialized) -314.99300 (to) -316.01300 (their) -316.00500 (own) -316.00400 (canonical) -315.99400 (shape) ] TJ T* [ (states\054) -224.99200 (followed) -217.99700 (by) -218.98200 (another) -218.01300 (r) 37.01960 (e) 39.98840 (gr) 36.98520 (ession) -218.99800 (subnetwork) -219.01700 (to) -217.99100 (g) 10.00320 (et) -219.02000 (the) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ <026e616c> -270.99200 (estimation\056) -374.98500 (Our) -271 (pr) 44.98390 (oposed) -270.99200 (deep) -271.99300 (ar) 36.98650 (c) 15.01220 (hitectur) 37.00360 (e) -271.01800 (is) -271.98200 (tr) 14.99010 (ained) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (fr) 44.98640 (om) -277.00500 (end) -275.98800 (to) -277 (end) -275.98700 (and) -276.99800 (obtains) -275.99200 (pr) 44.98390 (omising) -277.01300 (r) 37.01830 (esults) -276.00500 (using) -276.98300 (dif) 18.01660 (fer) 20.00650 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (ent) -211.01600 (kinds) -209.98500 (of) -211.01100 (unstable) -210.00800 (initialization\056) -296.99700 (It) -210.98100 (also) -209.98200 (ac) 15.01710 (hie) 14.98520 (ves) -210.98700 (superior) ] TJ T* [ (performances) -250.00100 (o) 10.00320 (ver) -250 (many) -249.98900 (competing) -250.00900 (algorithms\056) ] TJ /R62 11.95520 Tf 35.00900 TL T* [ (1\056) -249.99000 (Intr) 18.01460 (oduction) ] TJ /R64 9.96260 Tf 11.95510 -18.92890 Td [ (F) 14.99200 (acial) -226 (landmark) -226.99900 (detection\054) -230.99500 (or) -226 (f) 9.99466 (ace) -226.99500 (alignment\054) -231.01800 (is) -225.98900 (to) -227.00900 (locate) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (some) -334.00400 <7072656465026e6564> -332.98500 (landmarks) -333.99500 (on) -334.01300 (the) -332.99600 (f) 9.99466 (ace) -333.99600 (gi) 24.98850 (v) 14.98280 (en) -333.00300 (the) -334.01500 (f) 9.99588 (ace) -333.99600 (de\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (tection) -286.00800 (result\054) -296.00800 (pro) 14.98520 (viding) -285.99600 (a) -285.99600 (representation) -286.98600 (of) -285.98900 (the) -285.98400 (f) 9.99588 (ace) -286.98400 (shape\056) ] TJ T* [ (It) -225.99800 (is) -225.98800 (one) -227.01500 (of) -226 (the) -225.99400 (most) -226.01000 (important) -227.01800 (tasks) -225.98200 (in) -225.98900 (the) -225.99400 <02656c64> -226.01900 (of) -227.01800 (computer) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (vision) -315.01000 (and) -313.98100 (has) -314.99900 (been) -315.00500 (a) -313.99200 (k) 10.00320 (e) 15.01220 (y) -315.00100 (component) -315.01000 (of) -313.98400 (man) 14.99010 (y) -315.00100 (other) -314.99600 (com\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (puter) -261.98600 (vision) -262 (tasks\054) ] TJ /R76 9.96260 Tf 75.10390 0 Td [ (e) 15.01220 (\056g) ] TJ /R64 9.96260 Tf 11.74610 0 Td [ (\056\054) -265.01000 (3D) -261.98800 (f) 9.99466 (ace) -262.00900 (reconstructi) 1.00228 (on) -261.98600 (\1331\054) -261.99100 (11\135\054) -265.00500 (f) 9.99588 (ace) ] TJ -86.85000 -11.95510 Td [ (animation) -249.99700 (\1334\135) -249.99900 (and) -249.99100 (f) 9.99466 (ace) -250.01100 (recognition) -250.00200 (\13312\054) -249.98800 (3\054) -249.99000 (40\135\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (In) -196.98500 (the) -195.99900 (past) -197.01200 (decades\054) -206.98400 (computer) -197.00400 (vision) -196.01000 (researchers) -197.00100 (ha) 19.99670 (v) 14.98280 (e) -196.99200 (de\055) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95470 Td [ (v) 20.00160 (oted) -292.99700 (great) -291.99000 (ef) 25.00810 (forts) -292.99800 (to) -292.01700 (solving) -293.00900 (this) -292.00400 (task\054) -302.99100 (and) -293.00500 (ha) 19.99670 (v) 14.98280 (e) -291.99500 (made) -293.00300 (sig\055) ] TJ T* [ <6e690263616e74> -345.99100 (progress) -344.98500 (\1337\054) -346.01700 (8\054) -344.99400 (9\054) -346.01300 (41\054) -346.00800 (30\054) -344.98900 (33\054) -346.00800 (5\054) -344.99400 (21\054) -346.00800 (16\054) -344.98900 (29\054) -346.00800 (2\054) -346.01300 (35\054) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (38\054) -273.00100 (39\135\056) -378.98600 (Among) -272.00200 (all) -273.00300 (these) -273.00300 (de) 25.01670 (v) 14.98280 (elopments) -273.01300 (in) -273.00100 (years) -273.01300 (of) -273.01100 (studies\054) ] TJ ET Q 3.98000 w 0 G 501.12100 904.14800 m 1446.11000 904.14800 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R78 5.97760 Tf 1 0 0 1 60.14100 83.81290 Tm [ <03> -0.90058 ] TJ /R64 7.97010 Tf 4.31680 -2.81289 Td [ (These) -249.98400 (authors) -250.01700 (contrib) 19.99660 (uted) -250.01900 (equally) -250.01700 (to) -250.01300 (this) -250.00700 (study) 65.00430 (\056) ] TJ /R64 9.96260 Tf 244.40400 441.44000 Td [ (re) 15.00980 (gression) -270.98700 (based) -271.00600 (algorithms) -271.00400 (\13330\054) -271.00400 (9\054) -271.00400 (33\054) -270.99900 (5\054) -271.00400 (21\054) -270.99900 (16\054) -270.99900 (29\054) -270.99900 (2\054) -271.00400 (35\054) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (38\054) -203.01300 (39\135) -203.01800 (currently) -203.01000 (dominant) -202.98100 (the) -203.01500 (approach) -202.98100 (to) -203.01500 (solving) -202.98600 (this) -203 (task\056) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (Compared) -236.99000 (with) -236.99700 (the) -237.99200 (methods) -236.98500 (using) -236.99000 (parameterized) -237.01400 (models) -238.00900 (to) ] TJ T* [ (describe) -196 (the) -196 (f) 9.99588 (ace) -196.01900 (appearance) -195.98200 (and) -196.00200 (shape) -197.01600 (\1337\054) -196.00200 (8\054) -195.99700 (41\135\054) -207.01400 (re) 15.00730 (gression) ] TJ T* [ (based) -245.99100 (methods) -246 (directly) -246.01800 (learn) -245.99800 (a) -246.00300 (series) -245.98800 (of) -245.99800 (mapping) -246.00300 (functions\054) ] TJ /R76 9.96260 Tf (i\056e) ' /R64 9.96260 Tf 9.68281 0 Td [ (\056\054) -382.99000 (re) 15.00980 (gressors\054) -383.99500 (to) -356.00700 (progressi) 25 (v) 14.98280 (ely) -356.98900 (update) -356.98500 (the) -356.00900 (estimations) -356.98500 (of) ] TJ -9.68281 -11.95510 Td [ (the) -265.00700 (landmark) -264.99300 (positions) -265 (to) 24.98600 (w) 10.00320 (ards) -265.01000 (the) -265.00500 (true) -265.01000 (locations\056) -355.00400 (Summa\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (rizing) -372 (the) -372.00900 (re) 1.01209 (sults) -371.98400 (from) -372.00700 (pre) 25.01050 (vious) -371.98700 (studies\054) -402.01600 (the) -372.00700 (pose\055inde) 14.99750 (x) 14.98280 (ed) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (rob) 20.00400 (ust) -233.00300 (features) -232.00300 (\1339\135\054) -236 (the) -233.01300 (cascade) -232.01000 (re) 15.00730 (gression) -232.99500 (structure) -233.00500 (\1335\135\054) -236 (and) ] TJ T* [ (the) -368.01000 (re) 15.00980 (gressi) 0.99738 (o) -1.01454 (n) -366.99300 (model) -367.99300 (\13330\054) -366.98800 (21\054) -368.00200 (16\135\054) -396.98300 (are) -367.00700 (the) -368.00700 (three) -366.99800 (most) -367.98800 (im\055) ] TJ T* [ (portant) -324.98300 (aspects) -324.99200 (in) -324.01200 (designing) -325.00500 (a) -325.00900 (high) -324.98000 (performance) -325.00500 (landmark) ] TJ T* [ (detection) -268.00900 (algorithm\056) -364.99300 (By) -268.99700 (deplo) 10.01790 (yi) 0.99003 (ng) -269.00400 (these) -267.98500 (study) -268.00400 (results) -268.98900 (from) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (con) 39.99820 (v) 14.98280 (entional) -256.98900 (methods) -257.01800 (to) -257.00400 (the) -257.00600 (po) 24.98600 (werful) -257.01100 (deep) -257.01600 (learning) -256.99600 (frame\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (w) 10 (ork\054) -302.99800 (man) 14.99010 (y) -293.00500 (promising) -292.02000 (deep) -293.01000 (learning) -292.99000 (based) -291.98100 (f) 9.99343 (ace) -292.98500 (alignment) ] TJ T* [ (algorithms) -249.99000 (ha) 19.99670 (v) 14.98280 (e) -250.00200 (been) -249.99500 (de) 25.01540 (v) 14.98280 (eloped) -249.98300 (\13335\054) -249.98800 (24\054) -249.98300 (23\054) -249.98300 (36\054) -249.98300 (27\054) -249.98300 (20\135\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -17.48200 Td [ (Although) -402.00900 (great) -402.99200 (progresses) -401.99200 (ha) 19.99670 (v) 14.98280 (e) -402.99600 (been) -402.01100 (made) -402.98200 (in) -402.00200 (the) -402.98200 (last) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (decade\054) -275.01800 (f) 9.99588 (aci) 1.01699 (al) -269.99200 (landmark) -270.01100 (detection) -268.98900 (still) -270 (remains) -268.99400 (a) -270 (v) 14.98280 (ery) -270 (chal\055) ] TJ T* [ (lenging) -305.01800 (problem\056) -474.00900 (When) -305 (the) -304.99800 (f) 9.99343 (ace) -304.98300 (images) -304.98800 (appear) -305.01300 (with) -304.98300 (lar) 17.99700 (ge) ] TJ T* [ (vie) 24.98360 (w) -450.98100 (v) 24.98110 (ariations\054) -502.00400 (dif) 24.98600 (ferent) -450.98800 (e) 15.01220 (xpressions\054) -501.99500 (and) -451.01800 (partial) -451.98800 (occlu\055) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (sions\054) -488.00400 (e) 25.01050 (v) 14.98280 (en) -440.00500 (state\055of\055the\055art) -439.99500 (algorithms) -439.99500 (may) -439.99000 (f) 9.99343 (ail) -441.01500 (to) -439.99500 (locate) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (the) -297.00200 (landmarks) -296 (correctly) 65.01370 (\054) -309.00500 (which) -296.99500 (restricts) -296.00900 (the) -297 (applications) -297.00400 (of) ] TJ T* [ (man) 14.99010 (y) -428.98200 (f) 9.99588 (acial) -430.00400 (landmark) -429.00400 (detection) -429.00200 (algorithms) -429.01700 (into) -429.98200 (practical) ] TJ T* [ (systems\056) -329.00100 (T) 79.99160 (o) -255.99200 (deal) -255.99400 (with) -256.01400 (these) -255.98700 (problems\054) -258.00100 (man) 14.99260 (y) -255.99200 (pre) 25.01050 (vious) -256.98700 (w) 10.00320 (ork) ] TJ T* [ (\13341\054) -392.00300 (33\054) -392 (27\135) -392.98600 (de) 25.01540 (v) 20.00160 (ote) -392.00600 (much) -391.99300 (ef) 25.00560 (fort) -392.00800 (to) -392.00300 (learning) -393.01300 (rob) 20.00160 (ust) -391.99300 (image) ] TJ T* [ (features) -353.00200 (and) -352.99500 (ef) 25.00810 (fecti) 25.01790 (v) 14.98280 (e) -353.00500 (re) 15.00980 (gression) -353.01500 (functions\056) -620.01900 (The) -352.99500 (approach) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (to) -372.98400 (initializing) -372 (the) -372.98900 (re) 15.00980 (gression) -373.01100 (based) -372.98700 (methods\054) -402.99200 (ho) 24.98600 (we) 25.01540 (v) 14.98280 (er) 39.98350 (\054) -404.00600 (re\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (cei) 25.01300 (v) 14.98280 (es) -297.00700 (relati) 24.98600 (v) 14.98280 (ely) -297.98200 (fe) 25.00810 (wer) -297.01400 (attentions\054) -309.98300 (which) -296.99500 (we) -297.99000 (belie) 24.98600 (v) 14.98280 (e) -297.01400 (is) -298.01400 (also) ] TJ T* [ (crucial) -249.99500 (to) -249.98500 (the) -249.99000 (solving) -249.99500 (of) -249.99500 (this) -250.01200 (problem\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -17.48200 Td [ (Currently) -424.99500 (most) -424.01700 (of) -424.98500 (the) -423.99800 (f) 9.99343 (acial) -424.98800 (landmark) -423.98300 (detection) -425.00300 (algo\055) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (rithms) -262.98100 (depend) -263.98300 (on) -263.00500 (the) -263.00800 (f) 9.99588 (ace) -262.99000 (detection) -264.01000 (to) -263.00500 (pro) 14.98280 (vide) -263 (a) -263.02000 (good) -264.01500 (rect\055) ] TJ T* [ (angular) -241.00900 (f) 9.99588 (ace) -240.99200 (re) 15.00980 (gion) -240.99700 (as) -241.01600 (an) -241.99900 (initi) 1.01454 (alization\056) -307.01700 (According) -241.97900 (to) -241.00900 (recent) ] TJ T* [ (studies) -371.98400 (\13331\054) -370.98700 (32\054) -372.00400 (21\135\054) -402.00200 (if) -372.01100 (the) -372.00700 (initial) -371.00200 (detection) -371.99200 (rectangle) -372.01100 (dur) 20.00160 (\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (ing) -352.00300 (testing) -351.98500 (v) 24.98110 (aries) -352.01700 (from) -352.01000 (the) -352.99000 (one) -352.01500 (used) -352.01000 (in) -352.01000 (training) -351.99000 (stage\054) -378.00600 (the) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (performances) -255.00900 (of) -255.01400 (man) 14.99010 (y) -255.99200 (l) 0.98758 (andmark) -255.98200 (detectors) -255.00200 (de) 15.01710 (grade) -255.01600 (a) -254.98200 (lot\056) -326.00400 (In) ] TJ T* [ (man) 14.99010 (y) -231.01500 (situations\054) -235.00500 (users) -231.01000 (may) -231.98600 (ha) 19.99670 (v) 14.98280 (e) -230.98600 (to) -231.01000 (choose) -231.00600 (other) -231.01000 (f) 9.99343 (ace) -232.01500 (detec\055) ] TJ T* [ (tor) -308.99700 (dif) 24.98600 (ferent) -309.99000 (from) -308.99700 (the) -309 (one) -309.98300 (used) -308.99700 (in) -308.99700 (training\056) -488.00700 (Since) -310.00700 (dif) 24.98600 (ferent) ] TJ T* [ (f) 9.99588 (ace) -195 (detectors) -193.99200 (often) -195.01600 (return) -194.98200 (v) 24.98110 (arious) -195.01200 (f) 9.99343 (ace) -193.98200 (bounding) -194.98200 (box) 14.99260 (es) -194.98700 (with) ] TJ -13.74100 -29.88830 Td (1) Tj ET Q Q Q q q 1 1 1 rg /a0 gs 48.40600 786.42200 515.18800 -52.69900 re f q /s5 gs /x6 Do Q q /s7 gs /x8 Do Q q /s9 gs /x10 Do Q q /s11 gs /x12 Do Q Q Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.40000 TL ET 1 1 1 rg n 270 47 72 14 re f* 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 rg BT /F2 9 Tf 10.80000 TL ET BT 1 0 0 1 297 50 Tm (3317) Tj T* ET Q endstream endobj 15 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources << /ExtGState << /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> >> /XObject << /x18 16 0 R >> >> /Length 28 /Group << /Type /Group /S /Transparency /CS /DeviceRGB /I true >> /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Type /XObject /Subtype /Form >> stream x+O4PH/VЯ0Pp 0 endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources 17 0 R /Length 107 /Type /XObject /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Subtype /Form >> stream xe AC̬wʠ =p,?]%+H-
Jc "82w8VSnGW;"
endstream
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources <<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
/XObject <<
/x15 19 0 R
>>
>>
/Length 28
/Group <<
/Type /Group
/S /Transparency
/CS /DeviceRGB
/I true
>>
/BBox [ 67 752 84 775 ]
/Type /XObject
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
x+O4PH/VЯ04Up
0
endstream
endobj
19 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources 20 0 R
/Length 228
/Type /XObject
/BBox [ 67 752 84 775 ]
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
xeQKn!s ?FPav6R٪TS.
b];15YyR
{7QL.\:Rv/x9l+L7h%1!}i/AI(kz"U&,YO![R hg{3}4/GyYF:!w}Gn+'xJcO9i뽼_-:`
endstream
endobj
20 0 obj
<<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources <<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
/XObject <<
/x24 22 0 R
>>
>>
/Length 28
/Group <<
/Type /Group
/S /Transparency
/CS /DeviceRGB
/I true
>>
/BBox [ 132 751 480 772 ]
/Type /XObject
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
x+O4PH/VЯ02Qp
0
endstream
endobj
22 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources 23 0 R
/Length 53223
/Type /XObject
/BBox [ 132 751 480 772 ]
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
xtI:6%Q㨈?7rA= u%6 ?Y(WbWo{B>9
x`Znϳ|8{3?0x*z ǃ|,@:w>`c|*ϻⳅKO3`g
:_|}}><.6`Z{{3]#<_o"~:ͺgk7/Ұ@|K yp ]03ʷCmş8˽Y?>(3!Bwqs.Z8,~~=rMT̩y+/*w: uBZ_`ߵp`%M?ɝ1ɳw=vDۉy&xb4Q>d@ sg~lA