%PDF-1.3 1 0 obj << /Kids [ 3 0 R 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R ] /Type /Pages /Count 8 >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Title (Linearization to Nonlinear Learning for Visual Tracking) /Producer (PyPDF2) /Author (Bo Ma\054 Hongwei Hu\054 Jianbing Shen\054 Yuping Zhang\054 Fatih Porikli) /Subject (2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision) >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 12 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /x8 13 0 R /x6 16 0 R /x12 19 0 R /x10 22 0 R >> /ExtGState << /s9 25 0 R /s11 28 0 R /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> /R7 31 0 R /s5 32 0 R /s7 35 0 R >> /Font << /R10 38 0 R /F2 42 0 R /R12 43 0 R /F1 47 0 R /R14 48 0 R /R16 52 0 R /R8 56 0 R /R18 60 0 R /R20 64 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 67 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R7 31 0 R >> /Font << /R10 38 0 R /R8 56 0 R /R45 68 0 R /R43 72 0 R /F2 77 0 R /R41 78 0 R /R29 82 0 R /R37 86 0 R /F1 90 0 R /R14 48 0 R /R39 91 0 R /R18 60 0 R /R20 64 0 R /R35 94 0 R /R33 97 0 R /R27 101 0 R /R31 105 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 110 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R7 31 0 R >> /Font << /R10 38 0 R /R8 56 0 R /R45 68 0 R /R43 72 0 R /F2 111 0 R /R41 78 0 R /R29 82 0 R /F1 112 0 R /R18 60 0 R /R20 64 0 R /R35 94 0 R /R33 97 0 R /R27 101 0 R /R31 105 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 113 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R70 114 0 R /R71 115 0 R /R61 116 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R7 31 0 R >> /Font << /R59 117 0 R /R45 68 0 R /R57 120 0 R /R43 72 0 R /R41 78 0 R /F2 124 0 R /F1 125 0 R /R62 126 0 R /R10 38 0 R /R8 56 0 R /R33 97 0 R /R29 82 0 R /R64 130 0 R /R66 133 0 R /R39 91 0 R /R18 60 0 R /R20 64 0 R /R35 94 0 R /R68 136 0 R /R27 101 0 R /R31 105 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 140 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R78 141 0 R /R79 142 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R7 31 0 R >> /Font << /R10 38 0 R /R8 56 0 R /R45 68 0 R /R43 72 0 R /F2 143 0 R /R41 78 0 R /R29 82 0 R /F1 144 0 R /R18 60 0 R /R20 64 0 R /R80 145 0 R /R33 97 0 R /R27 101 0 R /R31 105 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 148 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R98 149 0 R /R89 150 0 R /R88 151 0 R /R90 152 0 R /R91 153 0 R /R92 154 0 R /R93 155 0 R /R94 156 0 R /R95 157 0 R /R96 158 0 R /R97 159 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R7 31 0 R >> /Font << /R10 38 0 R /R29 82 0 R /F1 160 0 R /R14 48 0 R /R8 56 0 R /R18 60 0 R /F2 161 0 R /R33 97 0 R /R31 105 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 162 0 R /Resources << /XObject << /R108 163 0 R /R106 164 0 R >> /ExtGState << /R105 165 0 R /R107 166 0 R >> /Font << /R10 38 0 R /F2 167 0 R /F1 168 0 R /R8 56 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /Text /ImageC /ImageB /PDF /ImageI ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Parent 1 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Contents 169 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /R7 31 0 R >> /Font << /R10 38 0 R /F2 170 0 R /F1 171 0 R /R14 48 0 R /R8 56 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /ImageC /Text /PDF /ImageI /ImageB ] >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Annots [ ] >> endobj 11 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Length 18217 >> stream q q q 0.10000 0 0 0.10000 0 0 cm /R7 gs 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R8 14.34600 Tf 1 0 0 1 124.54000 675.07000 Tm [ (Linearization) -250.00300 (to) -250 (Nonlinear) -249.99300 (Lear) 14.00750 (ning) -248.98900 (f) 24.00730 (or) -249.00400 (V) 35.99650 (isual) -249 (T) 73.00390 (racking) ] TJ /R10 11.95500 Tf -16.75000 -47.81990 Td [ (Bo) -248.98700 (Ma) ] TJ /R10 7.97000 Tf 35.87030 4.33984 Td (1) Tj /R10 11.95500 Tf 4.47969 -4.33984 Td [ (\054) -748.99400 (Hongwei) -249.98700 (Hu) ] TJ /R10 7.97000 Tf 76.37030 4.33984 Td (1) Tj /R10 11.95500 Tf 4.47969 -4.33984 Td [ (\054) -750.00700 (Jianbing) -250.00400 (Shen) ] TJ /R12 7.97000 Tf 79.37030 4.33984 Td [ <03> -0.30020 ] TJ /R10 7.97000 Tf 7.71992 0 Td (1) Tj /R10 11.95500 Tf 4.48008 -4.33984 Td [ (\054) -750.00700 (Y) 110.00500 (uping) -248.98900 (Zhang) ] TJ /R10 7.97000 Tf 83.01990 4.33984 Td (1) Tj /R10 11.95500 Tf 4.48008 -4.33984 Td [ (\054) -750.00500 (F) 13.99290 (atih) -249.00500 (Porikli) ] TJ /R10 7.97000 Tf 74.88980 4.33984 Td (2) Tj -402.42000 -28.30980 Td (1) Tj /R10 8.96600 Tf 4.48984 -4.34023 Td [ (Beijing) -249.01100 (Lab) -249.99600 (of) -249.99800 (Intelligent) -250.00600 (Information) -250.02000 (T) 68.97800 (echnology) 65.00250 (\054) -249.02000 (School) -250.02000 (of) -249.99800 (Computer) -249.99800 (Science\054) -249.99200 (Beijing) -250.01400 (Institute) -250 (of) -249.99500 (T) 68.97800 (echnology) 65.00250 (\054) -249.02000 (China) ] TJ /R10 5.97800 Tf 55.23010 -7.15000 Td (2) Tj /R10 8.96600 Tf 3.48008 -3.80000 Td [ (Research) -250.00700 (School) -250.02000 (of) -249.99800 (Engineering\054) -250.02000 (Australian) -249.99000 (National) -249.99000 (Uni) 23.98110 (v) 15.00900 (ersity) 64.98070 (\054) -249.02000 (and) -249.98700 (NICT) 91.98160 (A) -248.98800 (Australia) ] TJ /R8 11.95500 Tf 2.25977 -48.76990 Td (Abstract) Tj /R14 9.96300 Tf -83.91990 -24.03010 Td [ (Due) -194.00700 (to) -195.01400 (unavoidable) -195.99500 (appear) 14.01550 (ance) -194 (variations) -195.00100 (caused) -195.01100 (by) -195.01800 (oc\055) ] TJ -11.95980 -11.95980 Td [ (clusion\054) -385.99500 (deformation\054) -386.01300 (and) -358.98800 (other) -358.99800 (factor) 8.98343 (s\054) -386.00300 <636c61737369026572> 9 (s) -357.98200 (for) -358.99700 (vi\055) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (sual) -284.98800 (tr) 13.99770 (ac) 19.99520 (king) -284.99600 (ar) 36 (e) -284.98600 (nonlinear) -286.01800 (as) -284.99200 (a) -285.99500 (necessity) 53.99130 (\056) -416.01900 (Building) -285.99200 (on) -286.00900 (the) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (theory) -251.00700 (of) -251.00300 (globally) -250.99500 (linear) -251.98200 (appr) 44.00930 (oximations) -250 (to) -251.00200 (nonlinear) -251.98500 (func\055) ] TJ 11.95980 TL T* [ (tions\054) -425.00600 (we) -391.00300 (intr) 43.99580 (oduce) -390.01200 (an) -389.98700 (ele) 39.01770 (gant) -389.98300 (method) -390.01500 (that) -391.01000 (jointly) -390.99700 (learns) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (a) -343.00200 (nonlinear) -344.00600 <636c61737369026572> -343.98500 (and) -342.99100 (a) -343.98300 (visual) -342.98300 (dictionary) -344 (for) -343.98000 (tr) 13.99710 (ac) 19.99590 (king) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (objects) -373.00300 (in) -373.01700 (a) -372.99600 (semi\055supervised) -373.98000 (spar) 8.99324 (se) -372.00500 (coding) -373.00600 (fashion\056) -680.00100 (This) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (establishes) -236.00300 (an) -236.99900 (obvious) -237.01200 (distinction) -235.99800 (fr) 43.99210 (om) -236.01200 (con) 38.99680 (ventional) -236.00500 (spar) 8.99324 (se) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (coding) -337.99400 (based) -336.99600 (discriminative) -338 (tr) 13.99830 (ac) 19.99590 (king) -336.98500 (algorithms) -338.01300 (that) -338.00100 (usu\055) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (ally) -279.00400 (maintain) -279.01000 (two\055sta) 8.98098 (g) 9.98323 (e) -278.98800 (learning) -278.98500 (str) 13.97990 (ate) 40.00890 (gies\054) -286.00700 (i\056e) 14.00200 (\056\054) -285.01400 (learning) -280.00600 (a) ] TJ 11.95980 TL T* [ (dictionary) -320.00400 (in) -320.00800 (an) -320.98100 (unsupervised) -319.99700 (way) -320.01200 (then) -320.99000 (followed) -319.98500 (by) -320.99200 (tr) 13.99710 (ain\055) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (ing) -335 (a) -335.00400 <636c61737369026572> 110 (\056) -565.98800 (Howe) 13.98970 (ver) 111.00600 (\054) -355.01200 (the) -335.99200 (tr) 35.99380 (eating) -334.00200 (dictionary) -336.00100 (learning) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (and) -302.01900 <636c61737369026572> -303.01300 (tr) 13.99830 (aining) -301.99600 (as) -302.00900 (separ) 13.98610 (ate) -301.99900 (sta) 9.00426 (g) 9.98323 (es) -301.00100 (may) -303.00300 (not) -303.00600 (pr) 43.99820 (oduce) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (both) -292.00300 (descriptive) -292.01100 (and) -291.98200 (discriminative) -292.00900 (models) -292 (for) -291.99100 (objects\056) -435.99800 (By) ] TJ 11.95980 TL T* [ (contr) 13.98300 (ast\054) -211.99600 (our) -204.98400 (method) -204.99600 (is) -203.99600 (capable) -204.98800 (of) -203.99300 (constructing) -205.00200 (a) -204.99200 (dictionary) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (that) -229.00300 (not) -230.00100 (only) -229.00800 (fully) -228.99700 (r) 36.01460 <650365637473> -228.98400 (the) -228.99400 (intrinsic) -230.00800 (manifold) -228.98200 (structur) 36.00230 (e) -228.99700 (of) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (the) -272.00400 (data\054) -277.99300 (b) 19.00160 (ut) -270.99800 (also) -272.99000 (possesses) -271.99300 (discriminative) -272.01500 (power) 109.98500 (\056) -375.98800 (This) -273.01700 (pa\055) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (per) -232.98900 (pr) 36 (esents) -231.99500 (an) -233 (optimization) -233.99400 (method) -232.99000 (to) -233.00700 (obtain) -232.99100 (suc) 14.01920 (h) -232.00600 (an) -234.02000 (opti\055) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (mal) -215.01700 (dictionary) 53.99740 (\054) -221 (associated) -215.00300 (spar) 8.99324 (se) -213.99900 (coding) 8.99324 (\054) -221 (and) -215.01700 (a) -214.99000 <636c61737369026572> -214.99200 (in) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (an) -205.00500 (iter) 13.99040 (ative) -203.00600 (pr) 43.99820 (ocess\056) -293.98800 (Our) -205.01600 (e) 18.98990 (xperiments) -203.99000 (on) -205.00700 (a) -204.99200 (benc) 13.99710 (hmark) -203.99700 (show) ] TJ 11.95980 TL T* [ (our) -206.98300 (tr) 13.99770 (ac) 19.99520 (k) 10.01140 (er) -204.98100 (attains) -206.98200 (outstanding) -206.99900 (performance) -207.01600 (compar) 36.01710 (ed) -205.99700 (with) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (the) -250.00900 (state\055of\055the\055art) -250.00800 (algorithms\056) ] TJ /R8 11.95500 Tf 36.24020 TL T* [ (1\056) -250.00700 (Intr) 17.00610 (oduction) ] TJ /R10 9.96300 Tf 11.95980 -19.05980 Td [ (V) 60.01940 (isual) -244.99000 (object) -245.99200 (tracking) -245.01500 (is) -245.98700 (a) -246.01400 (fundamental) -245.99300 (task) -245.00800 (in) -245.98300 (computer) ] TJ -11.95980 -11.95000 Td [ (vision\054) -285.99000 (and) -279.01600 (v) 23.98090 (arious) -277.98500 (tracking) -279.00800 (algorithms) -279.01800 (\133) 0.55871 (23) 0.32346 (\054) -278.98900 (14) 0.32346 (\054) -278.95000 (19) -0.73514 (\054) -278.95000 (16) 0.32346 (\054) -278.98900 (28) 0.32346 (\054) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (25) 0.32469 (\054) -342.19100 (7) 0.14274 (\054) -341.17200 (4) 0.14274 (\135) -341.99700 (ha) 19.01510 (v) 15.00180 (e) -339.99500 (been) -342.00900 (proposed) -341.01400 (in) -342.00400 (the) -341.01000 (past\056) -585.00400 (Ne) 24.00240 (v) 15.00180 (ertheless\054) -363.99100 (it) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (still) -216.01700 (remains) -216.00600 (as) -215.99800 (a) -215.98100 (challenging) -216.00900 (problem) -215.99100 (for) -215.98700 (typical) -216.01900 (real\055w) 8.99814 (orld) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (scenarios) -312.00800 (where) -313.01700 (man) 14 (y) -311.00900 (uncontrolled) -312.98700 (f) 8.98833 (actors) -311.00900 (such) -312.98700 (as) -312.99900 (illumi\055) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (nation) -306.00700 (v) 23.98090 (ariation\054) -320.01500 (occlusion\054) -320.01000 (deformation\054) -320.98700 (in\055plane) -307.00300 (rotation\054) ] TJ 11.95980 TL T* [ (background) -216.01700 (clutters\054) -223.01800 (etc\056) -299.01800 (encountered) -215.98200 (during) -215.98200 (tracking) -216.98200 (cause) ] TJ ET Q 3.98000 w 0 G 501.10200 1282.70000 m 1446.10000 1282.70000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R16 5.97800 Tf 1 0 0 1 60.13980 121.67000 Tm [ <03> -0.89950 ] TJ /R10 7.97000 Tf 4.32031 -2.80977 Td [ (Corresponding) -593.99400 (author\072) -999.97600 (Jianbing) -594.98300 (Shen) -594.00500 (\050shenjianbing\100bit\056edu\056cn\051\056) ] TJ -14.35000 -9.47031 Td [ (This) -263.98400 (w) 9.02355 (ork) -263.02400 (w) 9.02355 (as) -263.00500 (supported) -264.01600 (in) -263.99300 (part) -263.98000 (by) -264.01800 (the) -263.99200 (National) -263.99700 (Natural) -264.01800 (Science) -263.98100 (F) 13.97760 (ounda\055) ] TJ 9.45977 TL T* [ (tion) -249.99100 (of) -250.94100 (China) -250.94100 (\05061472036) -250.94100 (and) -250 (61272359\051\054) -250.94100 (and) -250.94100 (the) -251.00500 (National) -249.97900 (Basic) -250.94100 (Research) ] TJ 9.46992 TL T* [ (Program) -271.98600 (of) -273.00300 (China) -272.00400 (\050973) -272.01300 (Program\051) -273.00300 (\0502013CB328805\051\056) -376.99000 (Specialized) -273.00900 (Fund) -272.01600 (for) ] TJ 9.46016 TL T* [ (Joint) -250 (Building) -249.98000 (Program) -249.97900 (of) -250.01600 (Beijing) -249.98800 (Municipal) -249.98200 (Education) -250.01000 (Commission\056) ] TJ /R10 9.96300 Tf 258.75000 458.22000 Td [ (considerable) -250 (complications\056) ] TJ 11.95980 -13.91990 Td [ (Among) -542.99300 (methods) -543.01000 (addressing) -544 (these) -543.01000 (dif) 24.00970 <0263756c746965732c> -616.01000 (sparse) ] TJ -11.95980 -11.95000 Td [ (coding) -432.99400 (based) -432.98900 (methods) -432.99400 (ha) 19.01570 (v) 15.00180 (e) -432.01300 (attracted) -432.98400 (much) -433.01800 (attention) -432.98900 (be\055) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (cause) -359.01400 (of) -360.00900 (their) -359.01600 (rob) 18.99850 (ust) -358.01700 (performance) -359.99900 (in) -359.01900 (similar) -360.01900 <636c6173736902636174696f6e> ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (\133) -0.22544 (10) 0.32346 (\135) -476.00900 (and) -477.01400 (recognition) -475.99700 (\13329) 0.32346 (\135) -476.00900 (tasks\056) -989.99600 (After) -476.01400 (the) -476.98000 <02727374> -476.00900 (trial) -477 (of) ] TJ 11.95980 TL T* [ (Mei) -382 (and) -382.01400 (Ling) -383 (\133) 0.24505 (19) 0.32346 (\135) -381.99000 (in) -381.99400 (tracking) -382.98900 (based) -382.01900 (on) ] TJ /R18 9.96300 Tf 169.37000 0 Td [ (l) -0.39698 ] TJ /R20 6.97400 Tf 2.96992 -1.49023 Td [ (1) -0.39908 ] TJ /R10 9.96300 Tf 8.28008 1.49023 Td (minimization\056) Tj -180.62000 -11.95000 Td (Liu) Tj /R14 9.96300 Tf 17.55980 0 Td [ (et) -372.00900 (al) ] TJ /R10 9.96300 Tf 18.67030 0 Td [ (\056) -371.98900 (\133) -0.53910 (16) -0.69593 (\135) -371.99200 (proposed) -373.00600 (a) -373.00600 (local) -373.01100 (sparse) -372.99100 (appearance) -373.99100 (model) ] TJ -36.23010 -11.96020 Td (with) Tj /R18 9.96300 Tf 20.57970 0 Td [ (K) -0.29896 ] TJ /R10 9.96300 Tf 9.17031 0 Td [ (\055selection) -287.01700 (to) -288.01400 (represent) -287.00400 (tar) 17.02100 (get) -286.98000 (appearance\056) -422.00600 (T) 78.99340 (o) -285.99500 (model) ] TJ -29.75000 -11.95000 Td [ (local) -494.98600 (appearance\054) -556.02000 (W) 79.00330 (ang) ] TJ /R14 9.96300 Tf 105.06000 0 Td [ (et) -495 (al) ] TJ /R10 9.96300 Tf 19.89020 0 Td [ (\056) -494 (\133) -0.97039 (28) 0.28425 (\135) -494.98600 (learned) -494.99600 (visual) -494.99100 (prior) ] TJ -124.95000 -11.95980 Td [ (from) -355.01500 (generic) -354.98300 (real\055w) 8.99814 (orld) -354.00500 (images) -355.00500 (and) -355 (transferred) -355.01000 (it) -354.99000 (into) -355.99500 (lo\055) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (cal) -387.01100 (sparse) -388.01000 (representation\056) -722.99700 (W) 79.00330 (ang) ] TJ /R14 9.96300 Tf 137.23000 0 Td [ (et) -386.98400 (al) ] TJ /R10 9.96300 Tf 18.80980 0 Td [ (\056) -387.00300 (\133) -0.57831 (25) -0.69593 (\054) -387.39500 (24) 0.32346 (\135) -387.00800 (supposed) ] TJ -156.04000 -11.96020 Td [ (noise) -222.98800 (term) -223.98500 (in) -223.00800 (sparse) -224.00500 (representation) -222.99800 (w) 9.01284 (as) -223.01800 (Gaussian\055Laplacian) ] TJ T* [ (distrib) 18.99610 (uted) -334.00700 (and) -335.98400 (introduced) -334.98500 (a) -335.99400 (least) -334.98500 (soft\055thresold) -336 (squares) -335.99400 (al\055) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (gorithm\056) -663.01700 (Ho) 24.01220 (we) 24.98260 (v) 15.00180 (er) 40.01620 (\054) -395.98400 (the) -367.98500 (dictionary) -368.00700 (in) -367.01700 (most) -368.01200 (of) -368.00700 (these) -367.98800 (track\055) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (ing) -420.00100 (methods) -420.01600 (based) -420.01100 (on) -419.98200 (sparse) -420.00100 (representation) -420.01600 (often) -420.01600 (results) ] TJ 11.95980 TL T* [ (from) -371.01100 (unsupervised) -371.98700 (clustering) -372.00600 (algorithms\054) -402 (and) -372.01600 (may) -371.99600 (not) -372.01100 (be) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (the) -254.00900 (most) -253.99600 (adv) 24.01950 (antageous) -254.00100 (to) -253.98200 (visual) -253.98200 (tracking\056) -322.98700 (Most) -253.99200 (sparse) -255.01600 (cod\055) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (ing) -416.98200 (approaches) -418.00200 (do) -417.00200 (not) -418.00200 (tak) 8.99814 (e) -416.01700 (the) -418.01100 (spatial) -417.00200 (structure) -417.99200 (between) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (original) -281.00300 (sample) -280.98300 (space) -280.99100 (and) -281.01500 (coding) -280.98600 (space) -280.99100 (into) -282.01000 (consideration\056) ] TJ 11.95980 TL T* [ (When) -362.01800 (encoding) -361.98900 (a) -363.00800 (sample\054) -390.00700 (it) -362.00800 (is) -362.00300 (ar) 17.00140 (gued) -361.99400 (that) -362.00800 (those) -362.01800 (items) -362.98400 (in) ] TJ T* [ (dictionary) -202.98000 (close) -203.00200 (to) -203.01200 (this) -203.01200 (sample) -202.99700 (to) -203.01200 (be) -203.01700 (reconstructed) -203.01700 (should) -204.01200 (be) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (acti) 24.01950 (v) 25 (ated\056) -300.01100 (Local) -226.01200 (Coordinate) -224.99300 (Coding) -225.01200 (\050LCC\051) -225.98300 (\133) 0.79395 (34) 0.28425 (\054) -225.74200 (33) 0.32346 (\135) -225.00200 (learns) -224.98800 (a) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (set) -333.01400 (of) -332.01500 (anchor) -332.99500 (points) -333.01200 (\050also) -333.01900 (called) -333.00500 (dictionary\051) -332.98500 (to) -332.98500 (reconstruct) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (original) -453.98700 (samples) -455.00400 (while) -455.01400 (k) 9.00304 (eeping) -453.98000 (locality) 63.98180 (\056) -923.01000 (It) -455.01400 (has) -454.98400 (recently) ] TJ 11.95980 TL T* [ (sho) 23.98770 (wn) -335.99200 (impressi) 24.00970 (v) 15.00180 (e) -335.99400 (performance) -336.98400 (on) -337.01800 (nonlinear) -337.00900 (learning\056) -569.99500 (An) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (approximation) -219.98100 (method) -221.02000 (of) -219.99900 (LCC) -220.98400 (w) 9.01284 (as) -219.01800 (proposed) -220.99800 (by) -219.98400 (w) 9.01284 (ang) ] TJ /R14 9.96300 Tf 216.61000 0 Td [ (et) -219.99900 (al) ] TJ /R10 9.96300 Tf 17.15000 0 Td (\056) Tj -233.76000 -11.96020 Td [ (\133) -0.22544 (26) 0.32346 (\135\054) -268 (which) -265.00900 (demonstrated) -264.98400 (the) -264.98400 (good) -264.98400 (performance) -265 (of) -265.00900 (locality) ] TJ T* [ (constrain) -191.98500 (in) -191.99500 (sparse) -192.01200 (coding) -191.98500 (for) -191.99500 (image) -192.00400 <636c6173736902636174696f6e2e> -291.00300 (Lin) ] TJ /R14 9.96300 Tf 216.89000 0 Td [ (et) -192.00400 (al) ] TJ /R10 9.96300 Tf 16.86990 0 Td (\056) Tj -233.76000 -11.95980 Td [ (\133) -0.22544 (15) 0.32346 (\135) -276.99200 (ha) 19.01570 (v) 15.00180 (e) -276.00700 (already) -277 (introduced) -278.01600 (it) -277.00600 (into) -276.99200 (lar) 17.02100 (ge\055scale) -276.01100 (image) -277.98700 (clas\055) ] TJ T* [ <736902636174696f6e2c> -320.00500 (which) -307 (sho) 23.98770 (wed) -305.00300 (good) -307.01500 (performance) -306.01000 (and) -307.01000 (high) -306 (clas\055) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ <736902636174696f6e> -356.01000 (accurac) 13.98240 (y) 64.99140 (\056) -626.99500 (But) -357.01900 (the) 14.01670 (y) -355 (formed) -355.99500 (the) -355.98500 (dictionary) -356.01000 (by) ] TJ /R18 9.96300 Tf 227.43000 0 Td [ (k) -0.59791 ] TJ /R10 9.96300 Tf 5.50000 0 Td (\055) Tj -232.93000 -11.95000 Td [ (means) -195.01800 (only) 64.00140 (\056) -290.98600 (Xie) ] TJ /R14 9.96300 Tf 66.20000 0 Td [ (et) -196.00600 (al) ] TJ /R10 9.96300 Tf 16.90980 0 Td [ (\056) -195.00600 (\133) 0.12743 (31) -0.69593 (\135) -195.00900 (proposed) -195.00400 (a) -195.98400 (lar) 17.02100 (ge\055scale) -195.00900 (dictionary) ] TJ -83.10980 -11.96020 Td [ (learning) -291.98600 (for) -292.01100 (LCC) -291.98900 (in) -292.01300 (object) -293.00300 (recognition) -291.99800 (e) 14.01180 (xperiments\056) -435.01800 (Hu) ] TJ /R14 9.96300 Tf 229.06000 0 Td (et) Tj -229.06000 -11.95000 Td (al) Tj /R10 9.96300 Tf 7.75977 0 Td [ (\056) -266.01100 (\133) -0.14703 (8) -0.83806 (\135) -264.99400 (introduced) -267.00100 (nonlinear) -266.00400 (learning) -267.01300 (using) -265.98400 (LCC) -265.99400 (into) -266.99400 (visual) ] TJ -7.75977 -11.95980 Td [ (tracking\056) -601.00800 (But) -346.98200 (their) -347.01900 (method) -346.99200 (took) -347.01100 (still) -347.01100 (a) -347.01100 (tw) 8.98833 (o\055stage) -347.01600 (learning) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (strate) 14.01430 (gy) 65.01590 (\054) -238.01700 (and) -236.98500 (the) -236.99300 (treatment) -236.01000 (of) -237.01500 (separating) -236.98000 (dictionary) -237.01500 (learning) ] TJ 11.96020 TL T* [ (from) -229.00200 <636c61737369026572> -229.98200 (learning) -229.01900 (may) -229.00700 (not) -230.00100 (produce) -228.99200 (optimal) -229.98700 (dictionary) ] TJ 11.95000 TL T* [ (for) -249.98000 (tracking\056) ] TJ 11.95980 -13.91990 Td [ (Dictionary) -462.02000 (learning) -463.01000 (and) -463.01700 (updating) -462.98300 (are) -463.00200 (crucial) -463.00700 (steps) -463.02200 (of) ] TJ ET Q Q Q q q 1 1 1 rg /a0 gs 48.40600 786.42200 515.18800 -52.69900 re f q /s5 gs /x6 Do Q q /s7 gs /x8 Do Q q /s9 gs /x10 Do Q q /s11 gs /x12 Do Q Q Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.40000 TL ET 1 1 1 rg n 270 32 72 14 re f* 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 rg BT /F2 9 Tf 10.80000 TL ET BT 1 0 0 1 297 35 Tm (4400) Tj T* ET Q endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources << /ExtGState << /a0 << /CA 1 /ca 1 >> >> /XObject << /x18 14 0 R >> >> /Length 28 /Group << /Type /Group /S /Transparency /CS /DeviceRGB /I true >> /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Type /XObject /Subtype /Form >> stream x+O4PH/VЯ0Pp 0 endstream endobj 14 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Resources 15 0 R /Length 107 /Type /XObject /BBox [ 78 746 96 765 ] /Subtype /Form >> stream xe AC̬wʠ =p,?]%+H-
Jc "82w8VSnGW;"
endstream
endobj
15 0 obj
<<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources <<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
/XObject <<
/x15 17 0 R
>>
>>
/Length 28
/Group <<
/Type /Group
/S /Transparency
/CS /DeviceRGB
/I true
>>
/BBox [ 67 752 84 775 ]
/Type /XObject
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
x+O4PH/VЯ04Up
0
endstream
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources 18 0 R
/Length 228
/Type /XObject
/BBox [ 67 752 84 775 ]
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
xeQKn!s ?FPav6R٪TS.
b];15YyR
{7QL.\:Rv/x9l+L7h%1!}i/AI(kz"U&,YO![R hg{3}4/GyYF:!w}Gn+'xJcO9i뽼_-:`
endstream
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources <<
/ExtGState <<
/a0 <<
/CA 1
/ca 1
>>
>>
/XObject <<
/x24 20 0 R
>>
>>
/Length 28
/Group <<
/Type /Group
/S /Transparency
/CS /DeviceRGB
/I true
>>
/BBox [ 133 751 479 772 ]
/Type /XObject
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
x+O4PH/VЯ02Qp
0
endstream
endobj
20 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/Resources 21 0 R
/Length 53008
/Type /XObject
/BBox [ 133 751 479 772 ]
/Subtype /Form
>>
stream
xlK8,8?DKs9mavd
{f-8*2Y@H >חk}y}uf`v)_s}1z#*Gw_gX jow\o'1c|Z^G<
A̺X}ay?IT|y~L.[ {Ȟb\3-3]_'X\竵0{+_۾oY-wj+ B;)Aa=/
1~a(>}m_K' >*Q1:?OPnGsQ_`?mzN
?WBB!lU n'S 1Ipzχ1xF_09,}?e){:̹~Gu7g {0mD`pdS)>;ys`Pµx'O
+혝 oI~!p7̵&m=dC+>5ALV"I1"S*CKha#03L4|@p灟vMRQ==*/m"r>@uqo9ͻ;Vz 'ȳ;IBzWR~ihwa8PlT>]fZ8y52)r빃W{B7G/q)}M]elS(k=5^A] сڸc'w!Ll'M=Ȥ뎓z;#կN>\q6r>|8}}Lr$Mo5:>syls+Ǵ`C?/9{Y||jD u#i^\rJ8a|oY+Rxl<{[؏s迨nYaյ[?/^u;+ ,bhL}wrj:ɴdM8^q|m'aQ6;0k_ar|E8HɃpN('&r`V;Rs볩Nk\&W=DDG#5]~M{VyCSRH9ܜXˏt7߾i9ADگ
USڝ|{(hbIRZXg @6Hɹ0Dq;si\Tv<1?mUŏV7bF
p7Y9sƨ*.uz_LբřsB݃ɹ^'_Yae91f+n%A̶d
Ċc#q
CF=Mt'\&ξ)z;L-4:n}41j:mӶ_)\݇ |T@uAƓxAN6Ql;}Ɲ{~_y"g%]nCi']I~,xa?feoɌr0u?V=phldx.Y;~nZL603> \`ęܓ