Exploring Efficient Asymmetric Blind-Spots for Self-Supervised Denoising in Real-World Scenarios

Shiyan Chen, Jiyuan Zhang, Zhaofei Yu, Tiejun Huang; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024, pp. 2814-2823

Self-supervised denoising has attracted widespread attention due to its ability to train without clean images. However noise in real-world scenarios is often spatially correlated which causes many self-supervised algorithms that assume pixel-wise independent noise to perform poorly. Recent works have attempted to break noise correlation with downsampling or neighborhood masking. However denoising on downsampled subgraphs can lead to aliasing effects and loss of details due to a lower sampling rate. Furthermore the neighborhood masking methods either come with high computational complexity or do not consider local spatial preservation during inference. Through the analysis of existing methods we point out that the key to obtaining high-quality and texture-rich results in real-world self-supervised denoising tasks is to train at the original input resolution structure and use asymmetric operations during training and inference. Based on this we propose Asymmetric Tunable Blind-Spot Network (AT-BSN) where the blind-spot size can be freely adjusted thus better balancing noise correlation suppression and image local spatial destruction during training and inference. In addition we regard the pre-trained AT-BSN as a meta-teacher network capable of generating various teacher networks by sampling different blind-spots. We propose a blind-spot based multi-teacher distillation strategy to distill a lightweight network significantly improving performance. Experimental results on multiple datasets prove that our method achieves state-of-the-art and is superior to other self-supervised algorithms in terms of computational overhead and visual effects.