Can the Accuracy Bias by Facial Hairstyle be Reduced Through Balancing the Training Data?

Kagan Ozturk, Haiyu Wu, Kevin W. Bowyer; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Workshops, 2024, pp. 1519-1528

Appearance of a face can be greatly altered by growing a beard and mustache. The facial hairstyles in a pair of images can cause marked changes to the impostor distribution and the genuine distribution. Also different distributions of facial hairstyle across demographics could cause a false impression of relative accuracy across demographics. We first show that even though larger training sets boost the recognition accuracy on all facial hairstyles accuracy variations caused by facial hairstyles persist regardless of the size of the training set. Then we analyze the impact of having different fractions of the training data represent facial hairstyles. We created balanced training sets using a set of identities available in Webface42M that both have clean-shaven and facial hair images. We find that even when a face recognition model is trained with a balanced clean-shaven / facial hair training set accuracy variation on the test data does not diminish. Next data augmentation is employed to further investigate the effect of facial hair distribution in training data by manipulating facial hair pixels with the help of facial landmark points and a facial hair segmentation model. Our results show facial hair causes an accuracy gap between clean-shaven and facial hair images and this impact can be significantly different between African-Americans and Caucasians.