Enhancing Video Super-Resolution via Implicit Resampling-based Alignment

Kai Xu, Ziwei Yu, Xin Wang, Michael Bi Mi, Angela Yao; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024, pp. 2546-2555

In video super-resolution it is common to use a frame-wise alignment to support the propagation of information over time. The role of alignment is well-studied for low-level enhancement in video but existing works overlook a critical step -- resampling. We show through extensive experiments that for alignment to be effective the resampling should preserve the reference frequency spectrum while minimizing spatial distortions. However most existing works simply use a default choice of bilinear interpolation for resampling even though bilinear interpolation has a smoothing effect and hinders super-resolution. From these observations we propose an implicit resampling-based alignment. The sampling positions are encoded by a sinusoidal positional encoding while the value is estimated with a coordinate network and a window-based cross-attention. We show that bilinear interpolation inherently attenuates high-frequency information while an MLP-based coordinate network can approximate more frequencies. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets show that alignment with our proposed implicit resampling enhances the performance of state-of-the-art frameworks with minimal impact on both compute and parameters.