Counterfactual Critic Multi-Agent Training for Scene Graph Generation

Long Chen, Hanwang Zhang, Jun Xiao, Xiangnan He, Shiliang Pu, Shih-Fu Chang; Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019, pp. 4613-4623

Abstract


Scene graphs --- objects as nodes and visual relationships as edges --- describe the whereabouts and interactions of objects in an image for comprehensive scene understanding. To generate coherent scene graphs, almost all existing methods exploit the fruitful visual context by modeling message passing among objects. For example, "person" on "bike" can help to determine the relationship "ride", which in turn contributes to the confidence of the two objects. However, we argue that the visual context is not properly learned by using the prevailing cross-entropy based supervised learning paradigm, which is not sensitive to graph inconsistency: errors at the hub or non-hub nodes should not be penalized equally. To this end, we propose a Counterfactual critic Multi-Agent Training (CMAT) approach. CMAT is a multi-agent policy gradient method that frames objects into cooperative agents, and then directly maximizes a graph-level metric as the reward. In particular, to assign the reward properly to each agent, CMAT uses a counterfactual baseline that disentangles the agent-specific reward by fixing the predictions of other agents. Extensive validations on the challenging Visual Genome benchmark show that CMAT achieves a state-of-the-art performance by significant gains under various settings and metrics.

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[bibtex]
@InProceedings{Chen_2019_ICCV,
author = {Chen, Long and Zhang, Hanwang and Xiao, Jun and He, Xiangnan and Pu, Shiliang and Chang, Shih-Fu},
title = {Counterfactual Critic Multi-Agent Training for Scene Graph Generation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)},
month = {October},
year = {2019}
}